Standard: The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis, including e) historical development of the structural model of DNA; g) the structure, function, and replication of nucleic acids. BIO 5.e. and g.

Targets (i.e., “I understand …”): I can explain the contributions of scientists in determining the structure and importance of DNA. I can identify the structure of nucleotides. I can describe how the two strands of DNA fit together. I can identify which nitrogenous bases pair with one another.

DAY ONE AGENDA: K-W-L Chart (hand in at the end of class) History of the DNA Discovery  Complete timeline in notes/Debate What does a nucleotide look like and what is it made up of?  Label and draw image in notes What is DNA? What is RNA?  Classwork Open Notes Quiz Next Class

CURRENT TARGET: I can explain the contributions of scientists in determining the structure and importance of DNA. Classwork (after Mitosis/Meiosis Test): Develop timeline in notes with contributions of Franklin (1952), Watson & Crick (1953), Hershey & Chase (1952), Chargaff (1950). See page 286 in book for some starter ideas. Interactive timeline:

1886: Gregor Mendel publishes his work on genetics and peas 1944: Oswald Avery shows evidence of DNA as the carrier of genetic information 1950: Chargaff’s Rules 1952: Rosalind Franklin does X-ray diffraction of DNA 1952: Hershey and Chase confirm DNA is the genetic material for life 1953: Watson and Crick determined the double helix structure of DNA and publish their paper. CURRENT TARGET: I can explain the contributions of scientists in determining the structure and importance of DNA.

Small group work: Groups of four  split off into pairs/Each pair chooses a scientist(s)  Debate Franklin vs. Crick and Watson Science DNA Franklin vs Watson/Crick rap:

WARM UP Fact vs. Fiction

What is DNA made of? DNA is a polymer; Its monomer (building blocks) are made up of repeating structures called ________________. nucleotides CURRENT TARGET: I can identify the structure of a nucleotide.

DNA is the basis of life DNA contains the ________________for all life activities DNA is located in the __________of the cell DNA will never leave the nucleus. genetic code nucleus

What is a Nucleotide? A nucleotide is made up of three molecules: Phosphate group Deoxyribose (sugar) Nitrogenous base CURRENT TARGET: I can identify the structure of a nucleotide. A DNA nucleotide is identified by the base it contains: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T).

CURRENT TARGET: I can describe how the two strands of DNA fit together. DNA is a double-stranded molecule. The ladder twists to form a double helix.

CURRENT TARGET: I can describe how the two strands of DNA fit together. Sides of the DNA molecule are phosphate and the sugar and the rungs are the nitrogen pairs. The strands are connected by complementary nucleotide pairs (A-T and C-G) like rungs on a ladder.

CURRENT TARGET: I can identify which nitrogenous bases pair with one another. In 1950, Erwin Chargaff did research that showed that in the DNA from one organism, the amount of Adenine (A) = __________ and the amount of ___________ = ____________. This suggested that nucleotides in DNA must occur in _______.

CHARGAFF’S RULE: The percentage of adenine and thymine are almost equal. The percentage of guanine and cytosine in DNA are almost equal. A = T C = G CURRENT TARGET: I can identify which nitrogenous bases pair with one another.

A + T + C + G = 100% Chargaff’s Rule A = T C = G 1.T = 10% Find the remaining values A = C = G = 2. C = 5% Find the remaining values A = T = G = 3. A= 40% Find the remaining values T = C = G = 4. A + T = 10% Find the remaining values A = T = C = G = 5. C + G = 20% Find the remaining values A = T = C = G = Our DNA is made up of 20% guanine, would you be able to calculate the percentages of the remaining nitrogenous bases? CURRENT TARGET: I can identify which nitrogenous bases pair with one another.

Why do we need RNA (Ribonucleic acid)? DNA cannot leave the nucleus To carry the DNA message to the ribosome Synthesize (make) proteins CURRENT TARGET: I can explain the similarities & differences between RNA and DNA, structurally and functionally.

Comparing DNA & RNA The roles played by DNA and RNA are similar to the master plans and blueprints used by builders. U = Uracil (a new base specific to RNA) CURRENT TARGET: I can explain the similarities & differences between RNA and DNA, structurally and functionally. DNARNA # of strands 21 SugarDeoxyriboseRibose Nitrogen bases A – T C - G A – U C – G

CURRENT TARGET: I can explain the similarities & differences between RNA and DNA, structurally and functionally.

Three types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) CURRENT TARGET: I can explain the similarities & differences between RNA and DNA, structurally and functionally.

Classwork/Independent: Complete Deoxyribonucleic Acid Color Lab Color DNA and RNA molecule (you do not have to do the exact colors). This is to be completed as homework if not finished in class. Open notes quiz next class period.