1. LS: I will be able to distinguish the difference between DNA and RNA. LS: I will be able to explain the historical process of the discovery of DNA.

2. To store genetic information that will eventually be translated into a protein Types of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)—Double Stranded Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)—Single Stranded Main Goal

3. 3 Parts of a nucleotide:  Nitrogen base  5 carbon sugar(deoxyribose/ribose)  Phosphate Group The basic building blocks for DNA or RNA What is a Nucleotide?

4. There are 4 nitrogen bases making up 4 different nucleotides Nucleotides Purines Pyrimidines Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine

5. Contributors to the Discovery of DNA Rosalind Franklin never truly received the credit she deserved. She was the first to use X-Ray diffraction to produce an image of a DNA molecule, which implied a helix shape and the shape depended on the level of hydration. Erwin Chargaff created Chargaff's Rule: DNA will have an equal number of guanines and cytosines because they bond together, as is true for adenine and thymine. This led to his suggestion that nitrogen bases paired “Complimentary” to one another. Watson and Crick are famous due to winning the Nobel Prize in 1962 for putting together all of the data collected to show the final structure of DNA—a double helix

6. More on Chargaff's Rules DNA contains the same amount of adenosine as thymine DNA contains the same amount of cytosine as guanine What does this imply about the nitrogen bases and how they bond?

7. DNA is like a _________ ladder…called a Double Helix. The sides are alternating sugar and phosphate groups The rungs are the nitrogen bases. A always forms a double Hydrogen bond with T G always forms a triple Hydrogen bond with C

8. The relationship of DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hT1Xn- Gk6Wc RNA compared to DNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Elo- zX1k8M

9. What is RNA? A helper molecule of DNA Have the ability to leave the nucleus RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid, and its sugar is Ribose RNA is single stranded RNA uses Uracil (U) instead of the base Thymine (T) What are the bonding rules for the RNA bases?

10. When nitrogen bases pair together it is called Complimentary Base Pairing. DNA Sample Strand: T A C C G C T A C C A T What will the complimentary strand of DNA be? What will the complimentary strand of RNA be?

11. What differences and similarities have you discovered about DNA and RNA? Compare and Contrast them in the Venn Diagram below: DNARNA

12. 1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ________ 2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid: ______ 3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with _______? 4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with _______? 5. In RNA adenine pairs with _______? 6. In both DNA and RNA, the backbone of the molecules is made up of ________ and _______. Check your Understanding…