A. What is Blood? Blood is the tissue of transport in your body Humans have ~ 4-6 liters of blood

Function: What does it Do? It carries needed materials (O 2 ) to the cells and also carries waste materials away from the cells

C. What is Blood made of? Blood is made up of two things! –Plasma –Blood Cells Blood is both liquid (Plasma) and solid (blood cells)

PLASMA 1. Plasma – –90% water

There are 3 kinds of Blood Cells: Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) White Blood Cells (WBC’s) Platelets

Red Blood Cells Disk-shaped Contain a Red substance called Hemoglobin (gives blood it’s color) Carries oxygen to all parts of the body Removes carbon dioxide waste made by the cells

White Blood Cells Warrior cells – they fight disease and infection “Patrol” for invaders and engulf foreign and harmful germs in the body (phagocytosis) Whenever a germ or infection enters the body, the WBC’s race towards the scene of the crime

Platelets Give off a chemical that helps blood to clot and therefore stops bleeding

Fibrin

How do I get a Blood Type? Genes (inherited factors) are responsible for the characteristics of an organism The child gets one gene from each parent for blood type.

Blood Types Each human has one of Four major blood types: A B AB O These types are based on the antigens present on the surface of Red Blood Cells

What are Antigens? Antigens are proteins and include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells, and the cells of transplanted organs. When a foreign substance is detected an antibody is produced to mark and attack it.

Failure of ________ homeostasis

Failure of Foreign invaders or Organisms known as _______ pathogens

Failure of 1. ______________ Virus Examples: Cold Flu AIDS Chick pox

The Flu Virus

Failure of 2. ______________ bacteria Examples: Strep throat Syphilis Food poisoning

What is Immunity? A. The body’s primary __________ against disease causing agents defense

Immune System B. Our immune system can tell the difference between our _________ and ____________ “self” “non-self”

Pathogens, foreign substances, or cancer cells can be identified by molecules on their outside surface called ________________ antigens

on the outer surface of the membrane receptor molecules Cells communicate through the use of

Receptor molecules

Receptor molecule

Receptor molecule hormone

Antibodies Antigens stimulate The production of ______________& _________________ White blood cells

White Blood Cell with RBC’s

White Blood Cells General Attackers If an antigen does make its way into your body, the WBC’s find __________, __________ and _______ that foreign microbe find attack kill

Antibodies: Specific Attackers Antibodies are a type of _______molecule with a__________ shape protein specific

Antibodies They either _____________ an invader (pathogen) Or ______________ them to be destroyed attack mark

Antibodies Antibodies fit onto the ___________of the invader like a key fits into a lock. antigen

Note in Notes: Lymph nodes Lymph nodes are like fighting arenas because battles occur there. They are found throughout the body: neck, armpits, and groin. A swollen gland is a sign that a battle is raging in the lymph node.

A transplanted organ is foreign to the body

The body sees it as an antigen and sends antibodies to destroy it

There are 2 types of Immunity: 1. Active Immunity 2. Passive Immunity

There are 2 ways to acquire Active immunity: a. You have already produced _____________ from a previous exposure b. You are given a _______________ antibodies vaccine

How do we make a vaccine? c. Vaccines are dead or weakened _________ that are injected into the body antigens

How do we make a vaccine? First a piece of the virus is killed or weakened. Then some is injected into the body. Your body recognizes this as foreign and creates antibodies against it for the future. You do not get sick from a vaccine.

Vaccines The immune system forms ____________ Antibodies which fight the pathogen (antigens) and remain inside the body for protection against future attacks

Passive a. transferred antibodies from person to person Ex: nursing infants, blood transfusions Provides short-term immunity

HIV – is a ________ that causes AIDS virus

How HIV works: HIV has a special shape on its surface which fits perfectly into a shape on the ____________ T-Cell

HIV is passed from one person to another through: Sex (body fluids) Sharing needles Using contaminated blood Mother’s milk

HIV The virus travels through the bloodstream to many different places in the body It attacks the T-Cells which coordinate the immune response

Sometimes, your Immune System makes a mistake, and starts attacking the wrong thing! Two examples are: _________________ _________________ Allergies Arthritis

What is an Allergy? An allergy is when the immune system responds to a harmless substance called an _______________ allergen

What is an Allergy? Examples of allergens are pollen, dust, molds and animal dander

Pollen Grain

Histamine The immune system in people with allergies release a chemical called a ____________________

Histamine This results in sneezing, a runny or congested nose, watering eyes, and itchy eyes, nose and throat.

_____________ block the release of histamine, providing relief of symptoms. Antihistamines