An introductory powerpoint presentation on the study of acids, bases and related concepts

 Acids are chemicals wherein the positive ion is hydrogen atom (H^+). For example: HCl or H2SO4  When mixed with H2O, they produce a free hydrogen ion that combines with a H2O molecule producing a hydronium ion (H3O^+) H^+ + H2O  H3O^+  An acid is a substance that releases H^+ when it breaks apart in water.

 Taste sour  React with metals to produce hydrogen gas 2HCl + 2Na  2NaCl + H2  Conduct electricity  Change the color of acid-base indicators  React with bases to produce salt and water

 Bases are substances in wherein the negative ion is called hydroxide ion, (OH)^-1  Examples are: NaOH, KOH  Bases are used to make soaps, household cleaners, fertilizers and explosives

 Taste bitter  Change the color of acid-base indicators  Feel slippery  Conduct electricity  Bases react with acids to produce salts and water

 A salt is a compound formed from the positive metal ions of a base and a negative non-metal of an acid  Examples are: NaCl, K2SO4  A product of a reaction between an acid and a base, along with water

 They form crystals when solidified  They are compounds formed by ionic bonding, the reason for their crystalline form  An acid plus a base produces a salt and water. HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH or HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O 

 Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base  The products of neutralization reaction are a salt and water.  Example reaction: HCl + KOH  KCl + HOH (acid) + (base)  (salt) + (water)

 The pH scale is a measure of acidic and basic nature of a solution ranging from 0 to 14.  Acids range: 0 to <7, 0 being the strongest acid  Bases range: >7 to 14, 14 being the strongest base  pH 7 is neutral; pure water is neutral, neither acid or base  The pH value gives a measure of the concentration hydrogen ions in a solution (H^+)

 An indicator is a substance whose color is sensitive to pH  Blue litmus paper turns red to indicate acidic solution; red litmus paper turns blue to indicate basic solution; the pH paper changes color, matching with the pH range from 0 to 7  A liquid universal indicator also shows by color the pH value of a substance

The pH range from 0 to 14 with sample substances is illustrated below: