Respiration and Excretion Human Body Systems

Essential Questions  How do humans carry out the life process, respiration?  How do humans carry out the life process, excretion?  What happens to metabolic wastes produced by cells?

Parts of the Respiratory System 1. Nose: Air comes in through the The surface inside the nose is lined with The cilia help to small particles entering the nostrils nostrils Mucus, hairs and cilia filter

Parts of the Respiratory System! 2.Nasal Passage: Found above the nostrils also lined with The and mucus help to do 2 things to the inhaled air mucus cilia Warms and moistens

3. Pharynx- also called your 4. also called your voice box contains vocal cords which are stretched which vibrate when air passes by. Throat- when air and food crosses Larynx

5. Trachea- also called your the top of your trachea is covered by the supported by lined with at the top it splits into 2 Wind Pipe epiglottis cartilage mucus bronchi TRACHEA CLIP

6. Bronchi- 2 large tubs that lead into they branch like a tree into 7. Bronchioles- Very small tubes found in the lungs there are of them! The lungs bronchioles hundreds

8. Alveoli- called the There are of them Surrounded by a membrane This is where of the oxygen in the blood occurs Also, of the wastes, Carbon dioxide out of the blood occurs. Air sacs millions Thin, moist intake The removal

Breathing  Caused by changing pressure in the chest cavity  Rate is affected by the amount of CO 2 in the blood  Affects the medulla of the brain  It’s a feedback mechanism  Breathing into a paper bag

How is does the pressure change in the chest cavity?  The diaphragm:  A shelf of muscle extending between the thorax and abdomen of mammals  In other words it is a muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity the expands and contracts.  When the diaphragm expands, in enlarges the chest cavity creating a low pressure inside the lungs which causes air to rush into the lungs  When the diaphragm contracts, in makes the chest cavity smaller, increasing the pressure, pushing air out of the lungs.

What happens to the oxygen?  Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in a cell called oxyhemoglobin  Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma of the blood in the form of a bicarbonate ion.

Malfunctions  Bronchitis:  Inflammation of the membrane of bronchial tubes caused by infection

Malfunctions  Asthma  Allergic response characterized by constriction of bronchial tubes

Malfunctions  Emphysema:  Change in the structure pf the lung characterized by enlargement or degeneration of the alveoli  Loss of elasticity and lung capacity  Caused by highly polluted air or cigarette smoke

Normal lungs Emphysema

Malfunctions  Pneumonia: The alveoli fill with  Lung Cancer: Fluid, which prevents gas exchange Disease in which tumors form

Excretory System

OrganFunctionProblems/ Facts LUNGS SKIN LIVER KIDNEYS - filter blood & produce urine URETERS BLADDER URETHRA Carries urine to the bladder Carries urine out of the body Collapsible sac that temporarily stores urine Excretes waste products and regulates salt and water Glands secrete sweat, which contains a small amount of urea Removes metabolic waste, removes carbon dioxide Converts ammonia to urea, removes harmful substance from blood if bile isn’t eliminated- jaundice Detoxication of blood Temperature regulation Kidney stones & symptoms of diabetes End products of aerobic respiration

4 Things Excreted by your body Carbon Dioxide Sweat Urine Water/ salt

3 ways your urinary system maintains Homeostasis  Excrete metabolic waste  Balance water and salt  Filters blood

renal artery Renal vein Adrenal gland kidney ureter bladder urethra cortex medulla pelvis ureter

How many?Where?How big?What do they do? What type of waste is made? What gland is found on them? KIDNEYS 2 Tucked up under ribcage on either side of spinal cord About the size of a clenched fist Adrenal - release hormones associated with stress Urine Produced from urea, water and other wastes Filter blood and produce urine

** Filter out the BAD- REABSORB the GOOD! Some good things to keep in the urine Some bad things in the urine to get rid of Nutrients Salts Amino acids Blood proteins Glucose Ammonia Urea Glucose