HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

Introduction : The internet has brought revolutionary changes Has become a medium for interaction and information Can access to internet very easily

What Is Internet?? Global system of interconnected computers using Internet Protocol Suite. Network of networks. Carries an extensive range of information resources and services.

History In 1960s research started. The primary precursors networks- The ARPANET in USA The MARK-1 NPL network in UK CYCLADES in France Transitions began since 1980s

Advancement of Internet In late 1980s and 1990s early adoption of internet’s use was driven by –  Powerful computers  Fiber optics  HTTP and the web browser In 21 years since 1995, internet use has grown 100 times

World wide internet users World population6.5 billion6.9 billion7.2 billion Not using the internet84%70%60% Using the internet16%30%40% Users in developing world8%21%32% Users in developed world51%67%78%

Internet Users in the World by Regions in November 2015

So what are main components of the internet?

1. HARDWARE:  Routers  Servers  Satellites  Radios  Smartphone − Computers, smartphones, notebooks etc– Clients − Machines that store information on the internet– Servers − Other elements serving as connecting points along a route or traffic– Nodes 2. PROTOCOLS:  IP– Internet Protocol  DNS—Domain Name Server  TCP– Transmission Control Protocol  HTTP– Hypertext Transfer Protocol  FTP– File Transfer Protocol

How does the Internet really work?

Internet Protocol– IP This is a unique identifying number for every machine connected to the internet. It is the language used by computers to communicate over the internet. IP addresses are normally expressed in decimal format as a dotted decimal number, for example: Computers however, communicate and understand binary form, for example: The four numbers in an IP address are called octets, because they each have eight positions when viewed in binary form. If you add all the positions together, you get 32, which is why IP addresses are considered 32-bit numbers.

Domain Name Server—DNS It is essentially a translation system that allows us humans to search the internet using language we're comfortable with. Without DNS, the internet as we know it would not exist. MEMORIZE 180 MILLION IP ADDRESSES?? – NOT PRACTICAL!!! When we want to send a message or retrieve information from another computer, our request goes out over the network, hitting domain name servers (DNS) along the way to find the target server. The DNS points the request in the right direction. Once the target server receives the request, it can send a response back to your computer.

Transmission Control Protocol— TCP

Routers A router is a device or a software in a computer that determines the next network point to which a packet of information is forwarded towards its destination.

How does Web Browsing work?

Browsers

URL Uniform resource locator

Hypertext Transfer Protocol— HTTP It is what we use to view Web sites through a browser -- that's what the http at the front of any Web address stands for. It basically means the system of transferring web pages from the web server where it is stored to the requesting computer. HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. It is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. The Hypertext part of the name implies that the files can contain references to other files whose selection will commence an additional transfer request—a hyperlink. HTTP can be thought of as the railway system among all the computers on the World Wide Web and only web pages can ride along it.

Html, Hyper text markup language HTTP send is formatted onto a language called the html which enable us to view a certain page.

THANK YOU

Faizah Zaima Sharika Ferdous Syeda Naushin Tabassum

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