1. Chapter 10: Web Basics

2. Chapter 10: Web Basics Identify the components that make up the web
Learning Objectives:
Identify the components that make up the web
Use the basic functions of a web browser
Search the Internet
Understand the need for security and recognize secure connections

3. How the Web Works
The Internet is a global network of millions of computers that can communicate with each other World Wide Web (WWW) A network of inter-connected pages of information stored on publicly accessible servers.

4. Web Browsing Components
Web servers: Store and provide access to web sites Web browsers: Request and display information to individuals Web pages: The individual documents that web servers store and web browsers request.

5. Web Servers
Powerful computers that provide data or services to other computers Receive requests for web page data and supplies it by sending it over the Internet.

6. Web Browsers
Many are available (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari) Most are available for multiple operating systems Relationship between browser and server is platform-independent

7. Web Pages
A web page is a file that is formatted for use on WWW Written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Tags define how to treat the text, like this: <p>

8. Web Pages
Web page contains text, graphics, audio, and video Hyperlinks link to other pages or content Static web page content does not change can be updated manually Dynamic web page frequently updating content (ex. weather report)

9. URLs
Uniform resource locator (URL) is a web page address

10. Parts of a URL
Protocol: set of rules for the transmission; most common is http. Another example is IP Domain name: destination server, such as bbc.co.uk. Top-level domain is the final part (uk). Subdomain: usually www, but can be others Path: exact location on the server can include a folder (news) and a file name (story24871.htm)

11. IP Addresses IPv4 IPv6 Currently used on the Internet
32 bit binary number
Represented in dotted decimal notation
Example,
More than 4 billion combinations
IPv6
Will be used on the Internet in the future
128 bit binary number
Represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal numbers
Example:2001:0:0:635:7b62:12ab:342:1038

12. Identifying Your IP Address

13. IP Address Translation
Domain Name System (DNS) servers translate between IP addresses and domain names The process is called name resolution

14. Starting Internet Explorer
Home Page
The page that is displayed when you first launch your web browser

15. Identifying Secure Sites
rather than Lock symbol in Address bar Address bar may have a green background

16. Going Back and Forward

17. Working with Tabs
A tab enables you to have multiple web pages open at once within the same browser window

18. Adding Favorites (Bookmarks)
Click the Favorites button (star)
Click Add to Favorites
Click Add

19. Browser History

20. Browser History Click Favorites (star) Click History tab
Double-click a date range
Click a site to revisit it

21. Uploading Files with FTP
Use an FTP client application, or use a browser URL begins with ftp:// rather than

22. Uploading Files to OneDrive
Log in at and click Upload
Choose a file to upload
Click Open

23. Plug-Ins (Add-Ons)
Plug-in: An additional piece of software added to a web browser application to add support for a certain type of content; Microsoft calls them add-ons Common add-ons include support for Java, Shockwave, and PDF content

24. Managing Add-Ons in IE
Choose Tools, Manage Add-Ons

25. Web Search
Search engine: a software tool used to locate information on the web
Top search engines include:
Google
Bing
Yahoo!
Ask
AOL
Wow
WebCrawler
MyWebSearch
Info

26. Conducting a Search
Go to the search engine website and type your keywords in the Search box there
Also, you can type search words directly into the Address bar to see results from the default search engine
Search results contain:
Title
URL
Description or excerpt

27. Search Results Example

28. Advanced Search Options

29. Search Operators
Different search engine have different syntax for advanced searches Examples:

30. Evaluating Results Accuracy
What is the reputation of the information source?
Is the information objective and fair? What agenda does the source have?
Are outside sources cited, or is this just one opinion?
Is this information provided by a group of professionals? Amateurs? Hobbyists?

31. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A secure pipeline between a VPN-enabled web server and an individual computer To set up in Windows, use the Network and Sharing Center. Choose Set Up a New Connection or Network, and then choose Connect to a Workplace.

32. Key Terms domain name IP address uniform resource locator (URL)
Domain Name System (DNS)
IPv4 address
IPv6 address
virtual private network (VPN)
dynamic IP address
name resolution
plug-in
web-based application
Favorite
search engine
home page
search operator
web browser
hyperlink
server
wiki
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
static IP address
Wikipedia
tab
World Wide Web (WWW)
Internet
top-level domain

33. Summary
1 . What is the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web? 2 . What does a hyperlink do? 3 . What type of server is used to resolve domain names and URLs to IP addresses? 4 . What browser feature enables users to open multiple web pages in a single browser window? 5 . What function does a search engine serve? 6 . What is a VPN?