1. Chapter 10: Web Basics

2. Chapter 10: Web Basics Learning Objectives:
Identify the components that make up the web
Use the basic functions of a web browser
Search the Internet
Understand the need for security and recognize secure connections

3. How the Web Works
The Internet is a global network of millions of computers that can communicate with each other
World Wide Web (WWW) A network of inter- connected pages of information stored on publicly accessible servers.

4. Web Browsing Components
Web servers: Store and provide access to web sites
Web browsers: Request and display information to individuals
Web pages: The individual documents that web servers store and web browsers request.

5. Web Servers
Powerful computers that provide data or services to other computers
Receive requests for web page data and supplies it by sending it over the Internet.

6. Web Browsers
Many are available (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari)
Most are available for multiple operating systems
Relationship between browser and server is platform-independent

7. Web Pages A web page is a file that is formatted for use on WWW
Written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

8. Web Pages Web page contains text, graphics, audio, and video
Hyperlinks are pointer link to other pages or content in the same page
Static web page
content does not change
can be updated manually
Dynamic web page
frequently updating content
weather report

9. URLs
Uniform resource locator (URL) is a web page address

10. Parts of a URL
Protocol: set of rules for the transmission; most common is http. Another example is IP
Domain name: destination server, such as
Top-level domain is the final part, example: .com, .net, .edu, and many more.
Some domain names include a two-letter country code, for example, .bh, .uk, .ae, .sa.
Subdomain: usually www, but can be others
Path: exact location on the server can include a folder (news) and a file name (story24871.htm)

11. IP Addresses IPv4 IPv6 Currently used on the Internet
32 bit binary number
Represented in dotted decimal notation
Example,
More than 4 billion combinations
IPv6
Will be used on the Internet in the future (already in limited use)
128 bit binary number
Represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal numbers
Example:2001:0:0:635:7b62:12ab:342:1038

12. Identifying Your IP Address

13. IP Address Translation
Domain Name System (DNS) servers translate between IP addresses and domain names
directory lookup that converts domain names into their corresponding IP addresses
The process is called name resolution

14. Browser Basics
Homepage: The page that is displayed when you first launch your web browser.
Also the main / first page of a website.
A tab enables you to have multiple web pages open at once within the same browser window

15. Identifying Secure Sites
rather than
Lock symbol in Address bar
Address bar may have a green background

16. Adding Favorites (Bookmarks)
Click the Favorites button (star)
Click Add to Favorites
Click Add

17. Browser History

18. Browser History Click Favorites (star) Click History tab
Double-click a date range
Click a site to revisit it

19. Uploading Files with FTP
Use an FTP client application, or use a browser
URL begins with ftp:// rather than

20. Plug-Ins (Add-Ons)
Plug-in: An additional piece of software added to a web browser application to add support for a certain type of content; Microsoft calls them add-ons

21. Managing Add-Ons in IE
Choose Tools, Manage Add-Ons

22. Web Search
Search engine: a software tool used to locate information on the web
Top search engines include:
Google
Bing
Yahoo!
Ask
AOL
Wow
WebCrawler
MyWebSearch
Info

23. Conducting a Search
Go to the search engine website and type your keywords in the Search box there
Also, you can type search words directly into the Address bar to see results from the default search engine
Search results contain:
Title
URL
Description or excerpt

24. Search Results Example

25. Advanced Search Options

26. Web-Based Applications
These days, developers can use a number of programming languages to run web-based applications within a web browser.
A web-based application is software that is downloaded and run within the web browser rather than being installed directly on the user’s computer.

27. Search Operators
Different search engine have different syntax for advanced searches
Another way to narrow your search is to enter specific search operators in the Search field.
A search operator is a word or symbol that has a specific function when carrying out a search.

28. Evaluating Results Accuracy
What is the reputation of the information source?
Is the information objective and fair? What agenda does the source have?
Are outside sources cited, or is this just one opinion?
Is this information provided by a group of professionals? Amateurs? Hobbyists?
Sponsored Link A hyperlink that is placed on a page because a payment has been made.
Many web pages contain ads, and the ads are not always sectioned off separately from the main text.

29. Evaluating Results Accuracy
Forums are public message boards that you access via websites. They may be sponsored by a particular company or group.
A knowledge base is a set of articles provided and maintained by a company or government agency about its products. It is a more reliable source of information.
Encyclopaedia sites vary in their accuracy and reliability.
Wiki A web-based application that can be edited by anyone and that is usually informational or instructive in nature.
Examples: Wikipedia, WikiTravel.

30. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A secure pipeline between a VPN-enabled web server and an individual computer
To set up in Windows, use the Network and Sharing Center. Choose Set Up a New Connection or Network, and then choose Connect to a Workplace.

31. Key Terms domain name IPv4 address virtual private network (VPN)
Domain Name System (DNS)
IPv6 address
web-based application
name resolution
dynamic IP address
plug-in
web browser
search engine
Favorite
wiki
search operator
home page
Wikipedia
server
hyperlink
World Wide Web (WWW)
static IP address
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
tab
Internet
top-level domain
IP address
uniform resource locator (URL)

32. Summary
1 . What is the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
2 . What does a hyperlink do?
3 . What type of server is used to resolve domain names and URLs to IP addresses?
4 . What browser feature enables users to open multiple web pages in a single browser window?
5 . What function does a search engine serve?
6 . What is a VPN?