The Brain An Introduction

I. Components of the Brain A. Cerebrum Hemispheres (2) B. Diencephalon C. Brain Stem D. Cerebellum

II. Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Hemisphere…….. 2 hemispheres Covers other parts of brain Divided into lobes for identification purposes –Frontal –Parietal –Temporal –Occipital

Frontal Lobe 1. Language comprehension 2. Broca’s Area a. Verbalization b. Only in one hemisphere – usually left c. Damage to this results in the person knowing what they want to say, but cannot vocalize it. =1aplTvEQ6ew =1aplTvEQ6ew

Frontal Lobe (cont) 3. Primary Motor Area a. Allows us to consciously move skeletal muscles b. Crossed pathways i. Right side of primary motor area receives impulses from left side of body & vice versa

Cerebrum Analysis Talk it out… Q: What part of the cerebrum would you find Broca’s area? Q: If damage were to occur to this area, what side effects may a person deal with? Q: What is meant by “primary motor cortex?”

Parietal Lobe 1. Gustatory Area a. Taste 2. Somatic Sensory Area a.Interprets somatic sensory fibers from skin, muscles, joints b. Crossed pathways

C. Occipital Lobe 1. Vision a. Base of occipital lobe

D. Temporal Lobe 1. Olfactory area a. Smell 2. Auditory area a. Hearing b. Wernicke’s Area Unscrambles and puts meaning to words Damage = word salad 3. Memory

Cerebrum Analysis Talk it out… Q: What part of the cerebrum would you find Wernicke’s Area? Q: Explain how a person would sound if damage occurred to this specific area? Q: What is meant by “somatic sensory?”

Brain tags – Make 9 tags and place where they belong on your brain Wernicke’s area Broca’s area HearingSmellVisionTaste Primary motor cortex Memory Somatic sensory

III. Diencephalon A. On top of the brain stem B. Enclosed by cerebral hemisphere C. Four regions

Diencephalon (cont) D. Thalamus 1. Relay station for sensory impulses going to the somatic sensory area

Diencephalon (con’t) E. Hypothalamus 1. Under the thalamus 2. Controls emotions 3. Keeps body in homeostasis 4. Endocrine (hormones) functions 5. Controls autonomic functions i. Fight or flight

Diencephalon (con’t) F. Pituitary Gland 1. Endocrine Gland 2. Growth hormone 3. “sex hormones” 4. Dopamine Some drugs (cocaine) can leave dopamine in the system = mood, sleep, attention & learning changes Too much has been linked schizophrenia Too little has been linked to Parkinson’s

Diencephalon (con’t) G. Pineal Gland a. Releases melatonin a.Sleepy!! b. Choroid plexus a. Makes cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Analysis On sticky #3 Write down the left side; –T –H –P Next to each letter representing the 4 parts of the diencephalon, write a few words that explain what each part of this brain does/functions.

IV. Brain Stem ~ 3 inches long Inferior to thalamus Regions 1. Mesencephalon 2. Pons 3. Medulla Oblongata

Mesencephalon 1) Mesencephalon Motor control 2) Pons Sleep cycle Relays sensory info –Hearing –Taste –Eye movement

Medulla Oblongata Cardiac center – parasympathetic and sympathetic Respiration Reflex centers – vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing

V. Cerebellum A. Protrudes from occipital lobe B. Two hemispheres C. Functions 1.Skeletal muscle timing a. Smooth & coordinated movements 2. Balance

Analysis Sticky #4 Ataxia is a condition in which the cerebellum is affected. What could be the possible side effects of Ataxia, knowing the function of the cerebellum? Explain