1. The Brain Four Major Regions Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon
Brian stem
Cerebellum

2. Cerebral hemispheres Collectively know as the cerebrum
Most superior part of the brain and covers the other parts
Gray matter of the cerebrum is known as the cerebral cortex and makes up the surface of the brain
The deeper cerebral white matter is made of tracts that carry impulses to and from the cortex. The tract that connects the two hemispheres is called the corpus callosum
Basal nuclei (or basal ganglia) refers to gray matter that is buried deep within the white matter

3. Cerebral hemispheres Also Contains Gyri – elevated ridges of tissue
Sulci – shallow grooves
Fissures – deeper grooves that separate large areas of the brain
Lobes – areas of the brain that are named for the bone that covers them

4. Areas of the cerebrum
Somatic sensory area – area responsible for sensory receptor interpretation
The map of the areas of the somatic sensory area responsible for body areas is known as the sensory homunculus
It is upside down and crossed

5. The Sensory Homunculus
From Page 238

6. Primary motor area
Area that allows us to control our skeletal muscles is located in the frontal lobe right in front of the central sulcus.
The body can also represented in a diagram called the motor homunculus

7. Other Areas of the Cerebrum
Visual area – in the Occipital Lobe
Auditory and olfactory areas - Temporal Lobe
Broca’s area –involved in our ability to speak is found at the base of the precentral gyrus (raised area anterior to the central sulcus
Speech area – allows us to sound out words is found at the junction of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
Higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior are also believe to be part of the frontal lobe
Complex memories appear to be stored in the temporal and frontal lobes

8. Let’s label and color Figure 7.13 from Page 237

9. The Diencephalon Also called the interbrain
Located just above the brain stem and is enclosed in the cerebral hemispheres
Made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

10. Thalamus Encloses the 3rd ventricle (chamber) of the brain
Relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortexes
Allows for crude recognition of whether the sensation will be pleasant or unpleasant

11. Hypothalamus Bottom part of diencephalon
Body’s homeostasis control center – controls temperature, metabolism, water balance
Center for many drives and emotions, which makes it the major part of the limbic system (emotional-visceral brain)
Regulates the pituitary gland and has mammillary bodies (reflex smell centers) bulge from the bottom of the hypothalamus

12. Epithalamus Roof of the 3rd ventricle
Contains the pineal body (part of endocrine system) and the choroid plexus (knots of capillaries) of the third ventricle

13. Brain Stem
Small area (diameter of a thumb and 3 inches long, but contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Is responsible for vital activities like breathing and blood pressure

14. Cerebellum Found under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
Has two hemispheres and a complex surface with gray matter on the outside and white matter on the inside.
Provides the precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance and equilibrium