Nursing Education in Turkey KUBRA SONAT 2014 SIFA University, Faculty of Health Sciences

Turkey, between Asia and Europe

The overall aim of this homework is to provide a compherensive outlook of nursing education and current academic status of Nursing in Turkey. Nursing in Turkey Nursing education in Turkey Nursing clinical training in Turkey

The population pyramide, Turkey

Nursing in Turkey Nursing was first iniated in Turkey when Florence Nightingale cared for English and Turkish soldiers during the Crimean war in 1853.

Nursing in Turkey With the Balkan war (1912) Turkish women started to work in hospital This is when professional nursing care was first introduced in Turkey.

Higher education in nursing The Turkish Higher Education has a unitary system consisting of only universites; Graduate degree, and also short – cycle vocational programs (2 years) are offered by universites. Admission to higher education is based on national – wide Student Selection Examination (LYS). The examination is held every year.

Educational system; structure

PRE-BACHLEORS SCHOOLS (2 YEARS) DOCTORATE (4 YEARS) MASTER (2 YEARS) BACHLEORS (4-6 YEARS) PRE-BACHLEORS SCHOOLS (2 YEARS) LYS EXAM HiGH SCHOOLS (15-18) VOCATiONAL HiGH SCHOOLS (15-18) PRiMARY EDUCATiON (6-14) PRESCHOOL (3-5)

BSN in Turkey BSN programmes: 1955- first BSN four years program 1955-1995: 10 SON NOW = 72 (Faculty of nursing, Faculty of health sciences, SON) four-year academic degree AD programmes: 1985- 1996: associate degree programmes (2years) 1991-1999: distance learning diploma to AD program (after VOS)

Differencies of nursing schools School of nursing 4 years schools, just have nursing dept. Faculty of health sciences 4 years, health related depts (nutrition and dietetics dept., physical therapy and rehabilitation dept., midwifery dept..) Faculty of nursing 4 years, all nursing depts (medical nursing, surgical nursing..)

Before BP Undergraduate/graduate degree structure had been fully implemented in Turkish Higher Education system before Bologna In 1986 Turkey was one of only five European Countries providing a basic university level nursing education BSN (England-Belgium-Iceland-Greece)

Bologna process & Turkey Turkey joined B.P. in 2001 After bp, curriculum revision is made.

National Nursing Core Curriculum (HUÇEP) Minimum training requirements; 4 years of full-time university study 4600 hrs; At least 1/3 theoretical training 50% theory- 50% practical. 240 ECTS Access to the BSN program; After passing the High Secondary Education and a university access examination After bologna process, a national commity create a national nursing core curriculum

National Nursing Core Curriculum (HUÇEP) Graduate’s competences (learning outcomes, knowledge and skills set) 21 main area of competence Professional values ​​and role of nurse Nursing practice and clinical decision-making, Knowledge and cognitive competencies Communication competencies Leadership, management and teamwork competencies Ect…

Departments in nursing faculty Fundamentals of nursing Medical nursing Surgical nursing Obstetric gynecology nursing Main areas Pediatric nursing Mental health nursing Community health nursing Nursing education Additional areas Nursing management

Nursing education in Turkey Classical education Except classical education: Problem-based education (Dokuz Eylül University – İzmir) Moduler education (Ege University – İzmir) Last (4th) year intornships education (Hacettepe University – Ankara)

Academic calender The academic year consists of two semesters: the first semester runs from the second half of September to the end of January the second semester runs from the beginning of February to the end of June Each semester: 13 weeks of courses, followed by final exams

Curriculum (Classical education) 4 years education 50% theory 50 % practical training Following the European Guideline of 4600 h (2300 theory-2300 practical training) Conceptual educational plan Human sciences Biomedical sciences Organization of Health Care Scientific sciences Computer sciences Sports and arts

Curriculum of B.Nursing (1st year) Fundamentals of Nursing (3 IC / 5ECTS) Fundamentals  to Nursing (5T-16C / 14ECTS) Communication in Nursing (3 IC / 5ECTS) Medical sciences (Anatomy, Microbiology and Parasitology, Physiology, Histology, Pathology) Social sciences (Foreign Language, Turkish Language, Ataturk’s Principles and History of Turkish Revolution) Basic Computer Science Sports or Arts undergraduate

Curriculum of B.Nursing (2nd year) Medical Nursing (6 T-16 C / 16 ECTS) Surgical Nursing (6 T-16 C / 16 ECTS) Histology of Nursing Deontology Health Care Ethics Communication in Nursing Practice Care to Infection Diseases or Epidemic Diseases BioMedical sciences (Pharmacology, Health Sociology, Nutrition, Psychology, Biochemistry) Social sciences (Vocational Foreign Language, ) Basic Computer Science Sports or Arts

Curriculum of B.Nursing (3rd year) Obstetric & Gynecological Nursing (6 T-16 C / 16 ECTS) Pediatric Nursing (6 T-16 C / 16 ECTS) Teaching in Nursing Emergency Care in Nursing Trauma Nursing Medical sciences (Biostatistics, Disaster Care and First Aid Epidemiology ) Social sciences (Vocational Foreign Language ) Basic Computer Science Sports or Arts

Curriculum of B.Nursing (4th year) Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing (6 T-16 C / 16 ECTS) Community Health Nursing (6 T-16 C / 16 ECTS) Management in Nursing Nursing Informatics or Quality Management Medical sciences Social sciences (Vocational Foreign Language ) Basic Computer Science Sports or Arts

Courses Teorical education  In class 100-300 students / Class or amphies Sometimes divided clases (bec of the crowd) 1st year teorical +laboratory practice (practical training on the models) +Medical simulation center (if it possible)

Courses Practical training In related clinics / areas Both university hospitals and state hospitals Schools, health centers, nurseries, child protection institutions Courses lecturers manage both theoretical and clinical practice Accompanied by assigned trainers (experienced nurses working in the clinics) ~10-20 students / 1 trainer All clinical practice meets requirements of the course Students work with the daily care plans Students are evaluated by structured evaluation form

Courses evaluation 40% mid terms + 60% clinical evaluation (>60 point failed) 60% finals

Post graduate nursing education In 1968, the Master of Science in Nursing Program was initiated in Turkey After 4 years BSN degree For application; Postgraduate education exam (ALES –like GRE) (>50) Foreign language exam (YDS –like IELTS) (>55) Master Exam (by Faculty members)

Departments; MSc for nurses Fundamentals of nursing Medical nursing Surgical nursing Obstetric gynecology nursing Pediatric nursing Mental health nursing Community health nursing Nursing education Nursing management Neonatal nursing Cancer nursing Emergency nursing Critical care nursing OR nursing Workplace and worker health nursing Etc..

MSc for nursing Master with thesis 120 ECTS (2 years) 1 year teorical, 1 year thesis Master without thesis 90 ECTS (2 years) 1 year teorical 1 year final project Number of MSN programmes: over 100

IZMIR , Çeşme

PhD education in nursing In 1972, Nursing Doctoral Education Program was initiated in Turkey 10 University Schools of Nursing provide nursing doctoral education. After 2 years MSc degree For application; Postgraduate education exam (ALES –like GRE) (>50) Foreign language exam (YDS –like IELTS) (>60) Doctorate Exam (by Faculty members)

PhD education in nursing ECTS; 4 years ( 2 years teorical + 2 years thesis) PhD 7 course / 21 national credits 240 ECTS + Dissertation based on original research Masters in nursing

Departments; PhD for nurses Fundamentals of nursing Medical nursing Surgical nursing Obstetric gynecology nursing Pediatric nursing Mental health nursing Community health nursing

Male nurses? In the past, an admission requirement for baccalaureate programs in nursing was being a woman. This admission requirement was changed, and since April 2007, men also have been accepted into nursing programs. The concept of male nurse, which is one of the important developments in the history of Turkish nursing, is a very new concept for our country.