BELLRINGER Discuss how your life would change if you had a problem with your skeletal system. For example, with a broken bone, how would your day-to-day activities change?

SKELETAL SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES Define the function of the skeletal system Name and identify the bones in the skeletal system Describe the structure and function of bones Compare the various types of joints

SKELETAL SYSTEM The skeletal system is all the bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connect them. Also includes your teeth Your skeletal system is made up not only of bones but of cartilage, a strong, flexible connective tissue The skeletal system gives your body the shape it has The skeleton is a framework of bones that support the muscles and organs and protect the inner organs.

Functions of the Skeletal System Has a number of vital functions The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable and mobile framework on which muscles can act Also supports and protects your delicate internal organs Bones are living structures with 5 functions: – Protect internal organs – Support the body – Make blood cells – Store minerals – Provide for muscle attachment

When you were born you had over 300 bones. As you grew, some of these bones began to fuse together. As a result, an adult has only 206 bones

CRANIUM Protects the brain and eyes Common name: Skull

MANDIBLE Common name: Jawbone

CLAVICLE Supports the arms Common name: Collarbone Bone that is broke the most in the body

SCAPULA Common name: Shoulder blade

RIBS Protects the heart and lungs

VERTEBRAE Protects the spinal cord Common name: Spine Scoliosis is a lateral, or side to side, curvature of the spine.

UPPER EXTREMITY

HUMERUS Common name: funny bone

ULNA Longer of the two bones of the forearm Palm out- inside bone/closest to the body

RADIUS Shorter of the two bones of the forearm Bone to the thumb side

PHALANGES The human hand has 27 bones Common name: fingers

PELVIS Common name: Hip

LOWER EXTREMITY

FEMUR The longest bone in the body Usually about 25%(1/4) of a person’s height Common name: thigh bone

PATELLA Protects knee joint Common name: Kneecap

TIBIA Supporting bone for lower leg Common name: shinbone

FIBULA Doesn’t give much support Main function is to provide attachment for muscles

PHALANGES Common name: toes

AXIAL SKELETON Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum, or breastbone. The vertebrae, the small bones that make up your spine, protect your spinal cord. The ribs, most of which are attached to the sternum in your chest and to the vertebrae of your spine, protect your lungs and heart.

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, legs, and feet. It helps you perform a wide range of movement.

Types of Bones Bones are grouped according to their shapes 4 basic types in the human body: long, short, flat, and irregular Long Bones – Like the femur, are found in the arms and legs Short Bones – Like those in wrists and ankles, are as broad as they are long – More than half are found in hands and feet Flat Bones – Like ribs and skull bones, have a thin, flat shape. – Generally serve to protect vital organs Irregular Bones – Like vertebrae, have a shape that does not fit into any of the other three categories

Joints are the point at which two bones meet Ligaments are tough bands of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that bind the bone ends at the joint Tendons are fibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT This type of joint allows the widest range of movement: backwards, forward, sideways, and in a circle. – Examples: shoulder and hip joints

PIVOT JOINT In a pivot joint, a bony projection allows rotation. – Example: joint between the first two vertebrae in the neck that allows your head to rotate

ELLIPSOIDAL JOINT In a joint like the one in your wrist, an oval shaped part fits into a curved space. This allows all types of movement except pivotal.

HINGE JOINT Allows bending and straightening, as in fingers. The knee and elbow are hinge joints that also allow some degree of rotation.

Bone Structure Calcium and phosphorous are two important minerals in a bone that makes it strong (Drink Milk) The hollow space in the middle of bones is filled with bone marrow. Two types of bone tissue, one is spongy and the other is compact, each has a different arrangement of bone cells Periosteum is the membrane that covers bones Eat healthy & Exercise

Differences in Males and Females Males and females have a slightly different skeletons, including a different elbow angle Males have slightly thicker and longer legs and arms Females have a wider pelvis and a larger space within the pelvis, through which babies travel when they are born

SKELETAL SYSTEM