Energy for Performance

Fuels for Exercise Carbohydrates FatsProteins ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) ADP + P + Energy

What are Energy Stores in the Body Carbohydrates – Glucose – Fructose – Galactose Fats – Fatty Acids Proteins – Amino Acids

Fuel Reserves in an 70kg (155 lb) Person Potential Energy available in (kcal) LocationGlycogenFatsProteins Liver Adipose Tissue (Fat) 0135,0000 Muscle1, ,000

Storing Carbohydrates Carbs are stored as glycogen in the muscles and the liver It will include 3X its weight in water The total storage of glycogen in the body will last a day without eating (about 1,600kcal) This will last about 2-3 hours with intense exercise Blood and brain glucose levels are kept in a very narrow range Hyperglycemic – is an increase in blood glucose Hypoglycemic – is a decrease in blood glucose

Storing Fats We are very good at this Your body is very efficient and primal in how it works Fats are storing in almost every region of the body A small amount is stored in muscles but the majority is stored around organs and subcutaneously (under the skin)

Storing Proteins It is used to build tissue but can be broken down to release energy Is used only during the last stages of long duration activity when glycogen stores are exhausted Will also be used during periods of semi- starvation of if a person is on a low carb diet Keytosis can occur in this situation to “feed” the brain from the breakdown of fatty acids through the liver

Energy to be Released The potential energy in food nutrients is extracted and utilized to synthesize ATP CHO is the only nutrient whose stored energy can be used to generate ATP anaerobically During light and moderate exercise, CHO supplies about ½ the body’s energy A continual breakdown of CHO is required so that lipid nutrients can be processed for energy (switches fat from storing to burning modes)

How is Energy Released Carbohydrate – Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl CoA and into the Krebs Cycle – About 2000 kcal Fat – Free Fatty Acids to Acetyl CoA – 147 ATP per fatty acid (X3 = 441 ATP + 19ATP from the glyceride) Protein – Nitrogen must be removed and then it is coverted to glycogen in the liver

Your body will get energy Anerobically from Glycogen and will build up lactic acid as a by product If oxygen is involved then more energy is available and there are no harmful by- products

Metabolism Overview

Locations of each part of the Energy Cycle

A bit more Specific

Anaerobic in the Cytoplasm

Lactate is processed by the Kori Cycle in the Liver

If Oxygen is present then Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA

And Finally the H + created by the Krebs Cycle are taken up to make lots of ATP