1. Food Fuels used for ATP resynthesis

2. Food glorious food ! Food is the basic source of energy
Ingested and digested and then absorbed in various forms which can be used to re synthesise ATP

3. Energy Providers…. Carbohydrates Fats Proteins (Amino Acids)
Stored in the body as Glycogen
Fats
Stored as Triglycerides, broken down to free fatty acids to give energy
Proteins (Amino Acids)
Need to be converted to glucose to give energy

4. Carbs..
One molecule of glucose can re synthesise up to 38 molecules of ATP
In body as glycogen or glucose
Glucose in blood used to supply brain and nervous system
Glucose stored in liver and muscle used for energy

5. Carbs.. Body can only store 80g of glycogen in liver
15g of glycogen per kilogram of muscle tissue
Enough energy for a 10 mile run

6. Carbs..
To maximise glycogen stores athletes go through glycogen loading or Carbo loading..

7. Carbo Loading Dietary manipulation
6 days before event performer eats diet of high protein and fat- lots of exercise to burn off excess carbs.
3 days before event diet of high carbs and light exercise

9. Fats… Most abundant source of energy is stored as fat Triglycerides
Before we can use fat it needs to be converted to Free Fatty Acids (FFA)
This is very SLOW and needs lots of O2

11. Breakdown of a fat molecule..
The FFA’s must go through process called Beta Oxidation before its allowed to enter Krebs cycle.
Once here it follows same path as glycogen metabolism.

13. Fats… In an endurance event body needs to use mix fat and carbs.
Start- glycogen
FFA’s preferred source for rest of event
The better the body is at activating FFA’s the better performance as they will have glycogen stores left to finish the race

14. Fats… Can not use fat alone as it has rubbish solubility Hydrophobic
Need to use glycogen sparingly to avoid ‘hitting the wall’
All glycogen gone- trying to use fat alone.

15. Hitting the wall….
Fat is not soluble and so cant be transported very well in the blood
When the fats get to the mitochondria it takes too long and its in too small a quality to help with muscle contraction.
Always used with glucose.

16. Hypoglycaemia
Happens when stored liver glycogen is depleted and blood glucose levels can not be maintained.
Usually in endurance events
Sugary drinks the cure!

17. Effects of Training
The more you train the more you rely on FFA’s for ATP production
Due to increase in mitochondria

18. Protein Mainly used when glycogen supplies are low
5-10% of total energy
Normally used for growth and repair
Constant use of this for energy will affect muscle adaptation/ development

20. Recap.. Carbs & fats the main energy providers
Intensity and duration plays a key role in which one is used more
Breakdown of FFA needs more oxygen than glucose, so in high intensity activity where oxygen is short, glycogen is preferred
We only have little stores of glycogen and need to conserve these