Standard Precautions

Standard Precautions Video - 5:00 What are the diseases that are of primary concern for you as a LG?

Removing Disposable Gloves First Aid Kits – Write Name on & Leave here daily Pocket Masks – Write Initials on Case and Mask and leave here daily Glove Removal Demo and Participation

Standard Precautions Facility Mgmt. should abide by all Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations regarding job-related exposure to Blood Born Pathogens (BBP). You should/will participate in BBP training on your worksite each year. Standard precautions are safety measures that combine universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) precautions by assuming that all body fluids may be infectious.

Standard Precautions Standard Precautions can be applied through the use of: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as gloves and resuscitation masks. Good hand hygiene, which includes washing hands thoroughly after removing gloves or after direct or indirect contact with body fluid. Engineering controls, such as the use of biohazard bags to dispose of items that may be contaminated with body fluid. Work practice controls, such as using the proper procedures for using gloves that protect you from exposure. Proper steps for cleaning equipment that will be re-used following an incident involving body fluids. Spill clean-up procedures, such as cleaning up blood spills.

General Procedures for an Emergency on Land If someone is suddenly injured, activate the EAP by following the following steps: Size up the scene Perform a primary assessment Summons EMS if needed Perform a secondary assessment if no life threatening conditions exist. Provide care for the conditions found. Complete reports, advise victims, release victims.

General Procedures for an Emergency on Land Sizing up the scene: Check for hazards that can prevent dangers to you or the victim. Determine what caused the injury or the nature of the illness. Determine the number of victims and prioritize care. Determine what additional help will be needed. Put on the appropriate PPE.

General Procedures for an Emergency on Land Sizing up the scene: By sense, what should you be able to determine when sizing up the scene? Sight: Smell: Hearing:

Performing a Primary Assessment A primary assessment is done to determine any life threatening conditions. Steps: Check for responsiveness Summons EMS Open airway and check for breathing and a pulse If the victim is alert, the airway is open. If unconscious and no HNB injury do a head-tilt/chin-lift to open In unconscious and HNB injury do a jaw thrust to open Agonal gasps? Care for victim as if they are not breathing Check for carotid pulse in adults and brachial pulse in infants For an infant give 2 initial ventilations if not breathing. For an adult, only give 2 initial ventilations if they aren’t breathing due to drowning or other respiratory causes.

Performing a Primary Assessment Cont. ****Note: In certain cases ONLY…..2 rescue breaths. Scan for severe bleeding. In general, if a person is unconscious but breathing, leave the person face up and maintain an open airway, especially if you suspect a spinal injury. However, if you are alone and must leave the person (to get help) or you can’t maintain an open airway due to fluids or vomit, place the person in a modified High Arm In Endangered Spine (H.A.I.N.E.S.) recovery position. Do this whether or not a HNB injury is suspected.

Performing a Primary Assessment Primary Assessment Adult Video – 4:00 Practice…… Get a partner! Primary Assessment Children/Infant Video – 5:00

Differences on Adults and Children Head positioning for adults should be back, children should be slightly past neutral and infants should be neutral. Locations of pulse: Adult – Carotid Child/Infant - Brachial

When to give 2 Rescue Breaths For a child or infant who isn’t responsive and not breathing For an adult victim of a drowning or respiratory cause.

When to call 9-1-1….. Unconscious or altered level of consciousness (LOC) Breathing problems Chest pain, discomfort or pressure lasting more than a few minutes, that goes away and comes back or radiates to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, stomach or back. Persistent abdominal pain or pressure No pulse Severe external bleeding Vomiting or passing blood Severe Burns Suspected poisoning Seizures on land * Stroke Painful, swollen, deformed areas or an open fracture Physical condition is unclear and getting worse

Other calls Any victim who may have inhaled water Seizures in water Suspected injuries to HNB

Moving a Victim Moving a victim needlessly or improperly can lead to further pain and injury. What factors should be considered when deciding whether or not to move a victim? 1. You are faced with Danger 2. You need to get to other victims with more serious conditions 3. You are in an inappropriate location to provide appropriate care.

Moving a Victim If you have to leave the scene to ensure your personal safety, you should make reasonable attempts to move the victim to safety as well. If the decision is made to move the victim, what factors should be considered in deciding what methods to use? 1. The victim’s height and weight 2. Your physical strength 3. Obstacles such as stairs or narrow passages 4. The distance you need to move the victim 5. Whether you have assistance 6. The victim’s condition 7. Whether aids to transport are readily available