1. Before Giving Care
List four conditions that must be present for disease transmission to occur
Identify two ways in which pathogen can enter the body
Describe how to minimize the risk of disease transmission when blood is visible
Describe the difference between expressed consent and implied consent
Describe the purpose of Good Samaritan laws
List six situations in which moving a victim is necessary
List limitations you should be aware of before you attempt to move someone
Describe how to perform emergency moves

2. Preventing Disease Transmission
Infectious diseases are those that can spread from a person, insect or object that have been in contact with the disease
Resulting from contact with a pathogen
Most common pathogens are virus and bacteria
Bacteria are everywhere
Divide rapidly under ideal conditions
Many cause homeostatic imbalances
Treated with antibiotics
Penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline

3. Preventing Disease Transmission
Unlike Bacteria, Viruses need a host to survive
Cause many diseases
Hard to treat (some have no treatment/cure)
Once contracted, some live indefinitely in the body
Lessen the impact of the symptoms they cause
DennisKunkel.com

4. How Bloodborne Pathogens are Spread
All four conditions must be met:
A pathogen is present
There is a sufficient number of pathogen present
The pathogen passes through the correct entry site
A person is susceptible to the pathogen
Figure 3-1

5. How Bloodborne Pathogens are Spread
Direct contact
Infected blood or body fluids from one person enter another person at the correct entry site
Touch, splash, laceration, puncture
Indirect contact
Touching an object that has been infected with a pathogen that then enter through an enter site
Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, HIV
Highest risk is unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood

6. Standard Precautions
Safety measures to prevent infection from blood and body fluids
Always consider body fluids and substance as infectious
Include:
Personal hygiene
Frequent hand washing
Page 31 for proper hand washing technique

7. Standard Precautions Personal Protective Equipment Cleaning up
Disposable, single use gloves
Remove rings, jewelry, etc before putting on gloves
Cover any cuts and scrapes prior to contact
Wear masks or dust shields to reduce infection from fluids that may splash
What if no PPE is available?
Cleaning up
Use gloves, clean up immediately, use absorbent/ single use paper towels, wipe up with 1part bleach/9 parts water

8. Legal Considerations Obtaining consent…
If conscious, a victim has the right to refuse or accept care.
Identify who you are, level of training, and what care you would like to give
Referred to a expressed consent
If unconscious, consent is implied
Assume that care can be given
Also used when parents can’t be found for consent

9. Legal Considerations Good Samaritan Laws
Give legal protection to people who willing provide are to an injured person without accepting anything in return
Acts as a reasonable and prudent person
Doesn’t exceed the scope of individual’s training
Vary from state to state
If you begin care, you need to continue care until someone takes over, or ????
May be subject to abandonment if you stop

10. Reaching and Moving Victims
Check, Call, Care first
Move the victim only when you can do so safely if there is immediate danger
Fire
Presence of toxic gas
Risk of drowning
Risk of explosion
Collapsing structure
Uncontrollable traffic hazards

11. Reaching and Moving Victims
Consider limitations to moving a victim
Dangerous conditions at the scene
Size of the victim
Your physical ability
Whether others can help you or not
The victims condition
Guidelines to follow (page 36)
When attempting to reach a victim, remember your safety is the most important consideration

12. Emergency Moves
Objective is to move a person to safety without injuring yourself or further injuring the victim
Walk Assist
One or two rescuers
Conscious victim
Arm is placed across your shoulders and held in place with the outside hand
Other arm is wrapped behind the victim
Not appropriate if you suspect head, neck, or back injury

13. Emergency Moves Pack-Strap carry
Single rescuer (two required if victim is unconscious)
Back to victim, victims arms over shoulder so rescuers shoulders are under victims armpits
Cross arms in front of you, lean forward, stand up and walk to safety
Not appropriate to use if head, neck, or back injury is suspected

14. Emergency Moves Two-person seat carry Requires two responders
Responders face each other and interlock arms
Lower arms go behind thighs and upper arms go under victims shoulders
Victim puts his/her arms over responders shoulders
Used for a conscious victim not seriously injured

15. Emergency Moves Clothes Drag
Used on a conscious or unconscious victim suspected of a head, neck, or back injury
Grasp clothing behind the shoulders
Support the head and neck with the forearms
Pull the victim to safety

16. Emergency Moves Blanket Drag
Use with one responder for a conscious or unconscious person suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury when equipment is limited.
Roll the person as a unit onto their side, place blanket, then gently roll them back
Gather blanket above the head and pull to safety.

17. Emergency Moves Ankle Drag
Use with one responder when a person is too large to carry or move in any other way.
It is not appropriate to do if you suspect that the person has a head, neck or spinal injury.

18. Summary Top priority is to ensure your own safety
Make sure scene is safe
Wear protective material
Get consent from a conscious victim
Move a victim only when necessary and it would not harm you or further harm the victim
Think before you care!