WAVES In Cornell Note Form

WAVES  Waves transmit energy through matter or space by any disturbance of the matter  matter – anything that has volume and mass  Vibrations cause waves What do waves transmit? What is matter? What causes waves?

WAVES  Waves carry energy  Energy is used to do work The waves in a pond do work on the water to make it move up and down. The waves also affect things floating on top of the water’s surface making them bob up and down. What do waves carry? What is the energy used for? Example

Medium  A medium is a substance through which a wave can travel There are 3 types of mediums  Solid  Liquid  Gas What is a medium? Types of mediums

Waves  Wave motion is the means of transferring energy through a medium without the material itself moving along with the energy  There are two typed of wave motions Mechanical & Electromagnetic waves  Mechanical waves require a physical disturbance in an elastic (moveable) medium Sound waves in air or a liquid such as water What is wave motion? Types of wave motion What are mechanical waves? Examples:

Waves  Electromagnetic waves involve electric and magnetic disturbances and do not require any medium  Light waves  Radio waves  Heat waves What are electromagnetic waves? Types of electromagnetic waves

Classifying Waves  Transverse waves transfer energy in such a manner causing the material to vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave motion How do transverse waves transfer energy?

Classifying Waves  Longitudinal waves transfer energy in such a manner causing the material to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion How do longitudinal waves transfer energy?

Anatomy of a Wave Crest  Normal rest position Trough 

Periodic Wave Motion  Wavelength is the distance between two adjacent crests or compressions in a series of waves  Frequency is the number of waves (or cycles) produced in a given amount of time. It is commonly measured in hertz It is commonly measured in hertz (1 Hz = 1/second) (1 Hz = 1/second) What is wavelength (λ)? What is frequency (ƒ)?

WAVES  Amplitude is the distance from the crest or trough to the normal rest position.  Amplitude is a direct measure of the wave energy.  The larger the amplitude  more energy. What does amplitude refer to on a wave? What does amplitude measure on a wave? What does larger amplitude equal?

Wave Speed  Wave speed is the speed at which a wave travels  Wave speed is found by measuring the distance a single compression or crest travels in a given amount of time  Speed = distance ÷ time s = d/t What is wave speed? How do you find wave speed? What is the equation for speed?

Wave Speed v = λ x ƒ v = wave speed λ = wave length (Greek letter lambda) ƒ = frequency What is the wave speed equation? What do each of the symbols stand for?

Sound Waves Sensory effects (perception)  P v = λ * ƒ  Property  intensity  frequency  waveform  Perception  loudness  pitch  quality