Statement P4.4 Wave CharacteristicsWaves (mechanical and electromagnetic) are described by their wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed. P4.4A Describe.

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Presentation transcript:

Statement P4.4 Wave CharacteristicsWaves (mechanical and electromagnetic) are described by their wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed. P4.4A Describe specific mechanical waves (e.g., on a demonstration spring, on the ocean) in terms of wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed. P4.4B Identify everyday examples of transverse and compression (longitudinal) waves. P4.4C Compare and contrast transverse and compression (longitudinal) waves in terms of wavelength, amplitude, and frequency.

StatementP4.5 Mechanical Wave Propagation Vibrations in matter initiate mechanical waves (e.g., water waves, sound waves, seismic waves), which may propagate in all directions and decrease in intensity in proportion to the distance squared for a point source. Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring mass. P4.5 AIdentify everyday examples of energy transfer by waves and their sources. P4.5B Explain why an object (e.g., fishing bobber) does not move forward as a wave passes under it.

P4.5C Provide evidence to support the claim that sound is energy transferred by a wave, not energy transferred by particles. P4.5D Explain how waves propagate from vibrating sources and why the intensity decreases with the square of the distance from a point source. P4.5E Explain why everyone in a classroom can hear one person speaking, but why an amplification system is often used in the rear of a large concert auditorium.

P4.8Wave Behavior — Reflection and Refraction The laws of reflection and refraction describe the relationships between incident and reflected/ refracted waves. P4.8ADraw ray diagrams to indicate how light reflects off objects or refracts into transparent media. P4.8BPredict the path of reflected light from fl at, curved, or rough surfaces (e.g., fl at and curved mirrors, painted walls, paper).

What do all of these have in common?

WAVES 1.WAVE- A DISTURBANCE THAT CARRIES ENERGY THROUGH MATTER OR SPACE. 2. THERE ARE 2 BASIC TYPES OF WAVES: A.MECHANICAL- A WAVE THAT TRAVELS THROUGH A MEDIUM. (medium = gas liquid or solid – in other words – a substance.) EXAMPLE- SOUND

B. ELECTROMAGNETIC – A WAVE THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE A MEDIUM. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OCCUR AS DISTURBANCES IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD EXAMPLE - LIGHT

3. There are 3 shapes of mechanical waves: transverse, longitudinal & surface. A.TRANSVERSE- THE WAVE THAT GOES UP AND DOWN –AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH IT TRAVELS. Example - a wave in a rope.

-PARTS OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE -Crest - top of a wave. -Trough - bottom of a wave. Normal

-Amplitude is measured from the normal to the crest or trough. The more energy a wave has, the higher the amplitude.

-Wavelength is measured from crest to crest or trough to trough.

B. LONGITUDINAL WAVE- THE WAVE IS VIBRATING PARTICLES MOVING SIDEWAYS INTO THE NEXT PARTICLES- THE WAVE MOVES PARALLEL TO THE MEDIUM.

Parts of a longitudinal wave: -Compression - Where the particles of the medium are compressed together. -Rarefaction - Where the particles of the medium are spread apart.

AN EXAMPLE OF A LONGITUDINAL WAVE IS A SOUND WAVE.

Which wave is longitudinal? Which wave is transverse?

c. Surface wave - A wave that travels along the surface of two media. Example - a water wave travels between the top of the water and the air.

4. Electromagnetic waves travel as transverse waves.

5. FREQUENCY- THE NUMBER OF COMPLETE WAVES (FROM CREST TO CREST) IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIME. -FREQUENCY IS MEASURED IN HERTZ (HZ) 1 HZ = 1 WAVE / SECOND

6. WAVE SPEED- THE SPEED OF A WAVE DEPENDS ON THE MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH IT TRAVELS. -SPEED= FREQUENCY X WAVELENGTH UNITS – METERS/SECOND -IF THE MEDIUM DOESN’T CHANGE THEN THE SPEED OF THE WAVE DOESN’T CHANGE.

7. WAVE INTERACTIONS A.REFLECTION – WHEN A WAVE BOUNCES OFF A BARRIER. -LAW OF REFLECTION – THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE (INCOMING) IS ALWAYS EQUAL TO THE ANGLE OF REFLECTION (OUTGOING).

B. REFRACTION- WHEN A WAVE BENDS BECAUSE IT CHANGES SPEED. WAVES USUALLY REFRACT (BEND) WHEN THEY CHANGE MEDIUMS.

C. DIFFRACTION- WHEN A WAVE BENDS TO GO AROUND AN OBJECT. D. INTERFERENCE- WHEN 2 WAVES COMBINE TO FORM ONE NEW WAVE. -THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF WAVE INTERFERENCE.

-CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE- WHEN THE CRESTS OF TWO WAVES COMBINE TOP FORM ONE LARGER WAVE.

- DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE- WHEN THE CREST OF ONE WAVE COMBINES WITH THE TROUGH OF ANOTHER WAVE RESULTING IN A SMALLER AMPLITUDE WAVE.

8. Intensity – The strength of a wave depends on where you are related to the source of the wave. DistanceIntensity 1 m160 units 2 m40 units 3 m17.8 units 4 m10 units *An Inverse square relationship! The Farther you get from the source...

-The Doppler Effect occurs when a moving object moves into its own sound waves. How does it cause the sound to change? -In front of the moving object the waves move closer together. Higher frequency = higher pitch. -Behind the moving object the waves are more spread apart. Lower frequency= lower pitch.

Breaking the sound barrier: