Industrialization

The U.S. is Changing… From an Agricultural to an Industrial Nation (Farming to Factories) Rural toUrban

What is Industrialization? Industrialization is the birth and growth of businesses that make and distribute products through the use of machinery. Industrialization is the birth and growth of businesses that make and distribute products through the use of machinery.

What were the Postwar (Civil War) changes in farm life? 1 st Mechanization (new farm equipment; example: the reaper) replaced farm workers/laborers. Result: The new farm equipment reduced the need for workers and increased production. (Fewer workers/more food!) Cyrus McCormick invented the horse-drawn reaper in It allowed a farmer to do 5 times the work in a day than by hand! He started selling it in By 1851 he was the largest seller of farm equipment in the world.

What were the Postwar (Civil War) changes in city life? 2 nd Industrial (factory) development in cities created increased labor needs. (Factories needed workers.) Result: Cities grew. This is known as Urbanization, or the growth of cities.

3 rd Industrialization provided access to consumer goods (example: introduction to mail order through catalogs, which was possible because of the railroad.) What were the Postwar (Civil War) changes in city life?

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New Inventions Contributed to Great Change and Industrial Growth New Inventions Contributed to Great Change and Industrial Growth Thomas Edison 1879, Electric Lighting (incandescent light bulb) 1879, Electric Lighting (incandescent light bulb) This led to mechanical uses of electricity (power stations, running machines, lighting houses) This led to mechanical uses of electricity (power stations, running machines, lighting houses) Had over 1100 Patents!!! Had over 1100 Patents!!! From this… to This!

By 1889, Edison started General Electric Company (GE). Edison created the first generator/power plant which provided electricity to homes and factories and led to the mechanical uses of electricity. Electricity enabled factories to operate 24/7. Before electricity, factories were able to operate only during daylight hours. How did electricity reach houses and factories?

Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephone in Invented the telephone in Allowed businesses to communicate directly and operate more smoothly Allowed businesses to communicate directly and operate more smoothly The first phone Rotary dial phone Today’s cell phones New Inventions Contributed to Great Change and Industrial Growth New Inventions Contributed to Great Change and Industrial Growth

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What is a Big Business? A big business is a large corporations; the opposite of a family-owned business Examples of Big Business o Railroads o Oil o Steel

What created the rise and prosperity in big business? Reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business: C aptains of industry (Rockefeller, Carnegie, & Vanderbilt) L ower-cost production A dvertising N ational markets created by transportation advances

` Captains of Industry led to the rise & prosperity of big business. Railroads Vanderbilt Steel Carnegie Oil Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Cornelius Vanderbilt Vander”BUILT” the railroad “CAR”S are made of steel. You have to dig through the “ROCK” to get to the oil.

Lower-Cost Production led to the rise & prosperity of Big Business. Mechanization Factories More goods in less time Lower costs

Lower-cost production Henry Ford opened Ford Motor Company in Created first Model T (1908); cost $850 (approx. $21,000 today). Wanted to make the car affordable for the masses. Assembly line (1913) used to create a Model T By 1924, the Model T cost $294 (approx. $3500 today). Cut the work day to 8 hours and ran 3 shifts Paid his employees $5.00 a day (nearly doubling the avg. pay at the time) because he wanted his workers to be able to afford a Model T and they did!

Advertising: Led to new ways to sell products Mail Order – –Catalog buying begins (Sears)   The Transcontinental RR allows goods to be shipped across the nation. Department Stores – –Shopping becomes fun – –F.W. Woolworth 1878 (Five & Dime store) Chain Stores – –Stores owned by same company – –Lower prices instead of elaborate service – –Today’s example: Wal-Mart (1962) Advertising led to the rise & prosperity of Big Business

National Markets led to the rise and prosperity of big business. Thanks to transportation advances like the railroad. For example: Moved natural resources (copper, lead, gold, iron ore) to eastern factories to market iron ore to steel mills to market

Impact of Railroads on Big Business Linking the Nation in 1865, only 35,000 miles in 1865, only 35,000 miles by 1900, more than 200,000 miles by 1900, more than 200,000 miles Transcontinental Railroad created national markets created national markets businesses could ship their products across the nation businesses could ship their products across the nation

Land Use: 1880s

Trade by Railroad Railroads helped established manufacturing areas. New England—Textiles Industry New England—Textiles Industry Detroit—Automobiles Industry Detroit—Automobiles Industry Pittsburgh—Steel Industry Pittsburgh—Steel Industry Meat Packing---Chicago Meat Packing---Chicago New England Textiles Automobile Industry Steel Industry Meat Packing Industry

Refrigerated Railroad Cars made it possible to ship meat from slaughterhouses to meat packing plants in Chicago.

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Factors resulting in the growth of Industrialization Access to Raw Materials Iron OreCattleCoalOil Available Work Force ImmigrantsWomenChildren African Americans Inventions Electric Light Bulb TelephoneRailroads Assembly Line/Cars Financial Resources Carnegie: Steel Rockefeller: Oil Vanderbilt: RR & Shipping Ford: Automobile So why were businesses able to grow so quickly?