1. Chapter 5 Industrial Age

2. Railroads Lead the Way Railroad expansion allowed a few powerful individuals to build a great fortune. Powerful people who controlled the rail traffic were called Rail Barons.

3. Railroads lead the Way Industries that benefited from Railroads Lumber Coal Iron Steel

4. Railroads lead the Way Railroad Technology George Westinghouse - air brakes George M. Pullman - Pullman sleeping car Gustavis Swift - refrigerated cars Eli H. Janney - Janney car couplers

5. Railroads lead the Way As railroad companies consolidated, companies adopted a standard gauge of 4 feet, 8.5 inches as the width of the railroad track.

6. Inventions New inventions revolutionized communications, making faraway places look closer. Telephone Engine powered aircraft Light bulb Telegraph Phonograph Automobile

7. Inventions Thomas Edison was called the wizard of Menlo Park Edison is responsible for inventing electric lighting and mechanical uses of electricity

8. Alexander Graham Bell Bell is responsible for inventing the telephone service. This device revolutionized the communications.

9. Inventions The assembly line meant that goods could be mass produced which would lead to products being sold more cheaply. Inventions helped unify the country and promoted economic growth.

10. An Age of Big Business Examples of Big Business Railroads Oil Steel

11. An Age of Big Business Americans built fortunes in the oil and steel industry. Formed corporations Formed trusts and monopolies Used methods of vertical and horizontal integration

12. An Age of Big Business Vertical Integration Purchase of companies at all levels of production. Horizontal Integration Purchase of competing companies in the same industry.

13. An Age of Big Business Andrew Carnegie Steel industry Vertical integration Built a monopoly and gained a great fortune Philanthropist

14. An Age of Big Business John D. Rockefeller Oil industry Horizontal integration Built a monopoly and gained a great fortune Philanthropist

15. An Age of Big Business Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business National markets created by transportation advances Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller-oil; Andrew Carnegie-steel; Cornelius Vanderbilt-shipping and railroads) Advertising Lower-cost production

16. An Age of Big Business Factors that Resulted in Growth of Industry Access to raw materials and energy Availability of work force due to immigration Inventions Financial resources

17. An Age of Big Business Philanthropist - The use of money to benefit the community.

18. Industrial Workers Factory workers worked under terrible conditions. Garment workers toiled in crowed and dangerous urban factories called sweatshops.

19. Industrial Workers Negative Effects of Industrialization Child labor Low wages, long hours Unsafe working conditions

20. Industrial Workers Workers Form Labor Unions Laborers were working long hours in unsafe and unhealthy factory conditions. Individually workers had little power. By working together as a Union, they could put pressure on employers to improve conditions.

21. Industrial Workers ReasonOutcome Haymarket RiotProtest killing of striking workers the previous day Many Americans began associating unions with terrorism and disorder. Homestead StrikeCompany cut wages Plant reopened with non- union workers Steel workers union dwindled Pullman StrikeCompany cut wages Federal troops broke up strike Union movement weakened.

22. Industrial Workers Companies hired strikebreakers to replace the striking workers.