 Not if you agreed or disagreed, but WHY!  Reasoning behind our morality changes throughout our lifetime  Stage theorists (yes another one!)  Work stems from Piaget  Morality: psychological muscle for controlling impulses and figuring out what is right from wrong

 He asked people of different ages to read the famous Heinz Dilemma  Asked them what they would do and more importantly why.  (and it has nothing to do with ketchup)

In Europe, a woman was near death from cancer. One drug might save her, a form of radium that a pharmacist in the same town had recently discovered. The pharmacist was charging $2000, ten times what the drug had cost him to make. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could get together only about half of what it should cost. He told the pharmacist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or to let him pay later. But the pharmacist said no. The husband got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife. Should the husband have done that? Why?

 Youngest children (although many of us use this morality throughout our lifetimes)  Morality is linked to getting rewards & trying to avoid punishment

 Right to Steal  he will be rewarded with his wife's life, then you are still using preconventional morality.  Wrong to Steal  he could get punished you are using preconventional morality.  It is not about the decision, but rather how you go about reasoning it.

 Most common moral stage for teenagers  Morality is based on how you think people will view you  Or following rules blindly, simply because they are rules

 Will his family/community see him as a hero or a criminal?  Either way, you are using conventional morality.

 Based on your self-defined morals, your basic ethical principles  Morality of societal rules are examined rather than blindly accepted.

 Preconventional  Obey rules to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards  Conventional  Uphold laws & social rules simply because they are laws & rules  Concerned of how they will be viewed by others  Postconventional  Follows one’s personal moral reasoning (perceived as basic ethical principles)

 Carol Gilligan  Research based on responses by boys  Assumed males & females come to moral conclusions in the same way  Boys: more absolute view, moral rules that apply to every situation  Girls: pay more attention to situational factors (relationships of people etc)

 Must teach empathy for others’ feelings  Must teach self discipline of one’s own impulses  Delay small gratification now to enable bigger rewards later  (2:00)