1. Moral Development Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

2. Kohlberg Kohlberg (1958) Kohlberg (1958) –Based on 72 boys –Middle & lower class families in Chicago –Ages 10, 13, & 16 –Later added younger children, delinquents, boys & girls from other American cities, & other countries.

3. The Heinze Dilemma Heinz Steals the Drug Heinz Steals the Drug In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19) In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19)

4. Developmental Stages Level 1: Preconventional Morality Level 1: Preconventional Morality –Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment Orientation. –Stage 2 Individualism & Exchange.

5. Developmental Stages Level 2: Conventional Morality Level 2: Conventional Morality –Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships –Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order

6. Developmental Stages Level III: Postconventional Morality Level III: Postconventional Morality –Stage 5: Social Contract & Individual Rights. –Stage 6: Universal Principles

7. Critique of Kohlberg Issues: Issues: –Provocative, but… –What about immoral behavior? –Biases against women?

8. Carol Gilligan’s Care Perspective Carol Gilligan (1982). Carol Gilligan (1982). Kohlberg underplayed the care perspective in moral development. Kohlberg underplayed the care perspective in moral development. 11-12 year old girls – intimacy not prized. 11-12 year old girls – intimacy not prized. The Emma Willard School in Troy, N. Y. The Emma Willard School in Troy, N. Y.