1. Psychosocial and Moral Development
Chapter 3 Section 3

2. Erik Erickson (1902-1994) Children have a need for social approval.
Psychosocial Development: life periods in which one’s goals is to satisfy social needs.

3. Learning Theories vs. Cognitive-Developmental Theories
Learning Theories: the child is like a piece of clay, and is shaped by the environment through rewards and punishments.
Cognitive Theories: The child shapes the environment by acting on it and making sense of it (through child’s games, like role playing).

4. Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg: How do children use moral reasoning?
How do they arrive at their decisions?

5. The Heinz Dilemma
“In Europe, a woman was very sick from cancer, and was about to die. One drug might save her- a form of radium that had just been discovered by the town druggist. The druggist was charging $2,000- ten times what it cost him to make. The sick woman’s husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but only came up with half of what it cost.”

6. The Heinz Dilemma
“Heinz went to the druggist and told him that his wife was going to die soon, and this was her only chance. He asked the druggist to sell it cheaper, but the druggist said ‘no’. The husband got desperate, and that night he broke into the man’s store to steal the drug for his wife. Should the husband have done that? Why or why not?”

7. Kohlberg’s Moral Development Stages
PRE-CONVENTIONAL PHASE:
Stage 1: Obedience and punishment.
Egocentric; just want to avoid punishment.
Stage 2: Relativist.
Want rewards for doing good/ treat others as they treat you.

8. Stages of Moral Development…
CONVENTIONAL PHASE:
Stage 3: Good boy/nice girl.
Sensitive to what others think about them. Want social approval, so they follow the rules.
Stage 4: Law and Order.
Laws are “absolute” and should be obeyed.

9. Stages of Moral Development…
POST-CONVENTIONAL PHASE:
Stage 5: Social contract.
Is the law fair? Laws should change as the world changes.
Stage 6: Universal ethics.
More concerned with universal rights. Follow the Golden Rule (treat others as you would like to be treated).