The Era of Thomas Jefferson EQ: How did the United States come to buy all of the land in the Louisiana Territory?

Jefferson takes Office Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated in March Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated in March He ran against John Adams. He ran against John Adams. Aaron Burr won the same amount of electoral votes as Jefferson Aaron Burr won the same amount of electoral votes as Jefferson The House of Representatives debated for 6 days before Jefferson was chosen The House of Representatives debated for 6 days before Jefferson was chosen In 1804, the electors would vote separately for President and Vice President In 1804, the electors would vote separately for President and Vice President

Jefferson takes Office Jefferson was the first president to get inaugurated in Washington DC The presidents goal was to limit the federal governments power over the states He thought that laissez faire would be the best idea He fired all tax collectors and cut the number of diplomats He reduced the size of the military People who were imprisoned under the Sedition Act were released

Marbury v. Madison Adams appointed William Marbury and other judges before he left office Adams appointed William Marbury and other judges before he left office Republicans said these were to keep the Federalists in power Republicans said these were to keep the Federalists in power Jefferson ordered James Madison to cease work on the appointments Jefferson ordered James Madison to cease work on the appointments

Marbury v. Madison Marbury sued Madison citing the Judiciary Act of 1789 Marbury sued Madison citing the Judiciary Act of 1789 The Constitution didn’t allow Marbury to go right to the Supreme Court to fight his case, although the Judiciary Act of 1789 did…. The Constitution didn’t allow Marbury to go right to the Supreme Court to fight his case, although the Judiciary Act of 1789 did…. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional

Marbury v. Madison Court ruled that Marbury would have to sue Madison in a lower court first since the Supreme Court didn’t have original jurisdiction under the Constitution. Court ruled that Marbury would have to sue Madison in a lower court first since the Supreme Court didn’t have original jurisdiction under the Constitution. Because of the court case Marbury v. Madison, judicial review was established Because of the court case Marbury v. Madison, judicial review was established

The Louisiana Purchase By 1800, more than a million settlers lived between the Appalachian and the Mississippi By 1800, more than a million settlers lived between the Appalachian and the Mississippi Most of these settlers were farmers.

The Louisiana Purchase These farmers relied on the Mississippi River to transport their crops to the port at New Orleans These farmers relied on the Mississippi River to transport their crops to the port at New Orleans Spain had controlled new Orleans and the US negotiated with Spain to guarantee American’s right to ship goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans Spain had controlled new Orleans and the US negotiated with Spain to guarantee American’s right to ship goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans This was called Pinckney’s Treaty, and was done under Washington’s administration. This was called Pinckney’s Treaty, and was done under Washington’s administration.

The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson found out in 1801 that Spain had given New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory to France in a secret treaty in 1800 Jefferson found out in 1801 that Spain had given New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory to France in a secret treaty in 1800 In 1802, before the official transfer of the land to France, the Spanish governor stopped allowing Americans to ship their goods through New Orleans In 1802, before the official transfer of the land to France, the Spanish governor stopped allowing Americans to ship their goods through New Orleans

The Louisiana Purchase The President decided that he would try to buy New Orleans from the French The President decided that he would try to buy New Orleans from the French He sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to try to buy New Orleans and West Florida from France He sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to try to buy New Orleans and West Florida from France When they arrived they found out that Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French from Haiti When they arrived they found out that Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French from Haiti

Haitian Revolution Why would France need Haiti to keep their new-ish territory in North America?

The Louisiana Purchase They knew the French would have a hard time defending Louisiana They knew the French would have a hard time defending Louisiana They also knew that there were tensions between France and England They also knew that there were tensions between France and England Napoleon, the leader of France would need money to support the war Napoleon, the leader of France would need money to support the war Napoleon offered to sell not only New Orleans but the entire Louisiana Purchase Napoleon offered to sell not only New Orleans but the entire Louisiana Purchase They purchased the whole territory for $15 Million-4 Cents an acre They purchased the whole territory for $15 Million-4 Cents an acre

Map of U.S. in 1810

The Louisiana Purchase No where in the Constitution did it say that the President had power to buy land So how did Jefferson go about buying the land legally? In January 1803, Jefferson convinced Congress to pay $2,500 on a western expedition

The Louisiana Purchase He chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to report back about geography, plants, animals and other natural features He chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to report back about geography, plants, animals and other natural features He also wanted them to make contact with the Natives and to look for a waterway from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean He also wanted them to make contact with the Natives and to look for a waterway from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean

The Louisiana Purchase They took 40 men and traveled up the Missouri River, met up with natives, reached the Great Plains, traveled west, and met up with Native American Sacagawea, who traveled with them and was a translator They took 40 men and traveled up the Missouri River, met up with natives, reached the Great Plains, traveled west, and met up with Native American Sacagawea, who traveled with them and was a translator They climbed the Rockies, reached the continental divide, found the Columbia River and traveled by canoe to the Pacific Ocean They climbed the Rockies, reached the continental divide, found the Columbia River and traveled by canoe to the Pacific Ocean It took nearly 6 months to return to Missouri It took nearly 6 months to return to Missouri

The Louisiana Purchase In , Zebulon Pike also explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory In , Zebulon Pike also explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory When he got to the Rocky Mountains, he was stopped by deep snow When he got to the Rocky Mountains, he was stopped by deep snow The mountain he could not climb is now called Pike’s Peak The mountain he could not climb is now called Pike’s Peak

The Louisiana Purchase On his return, he went to Spanish new Mexico On his return, he went to Spanish new Mexico Pike and his explorers were arrested by Spanish troops Pike and his explorers were arrested by Spanish troops They thought they were spies trying to take over the area They thought they were spies trying to take over the area They were released and escorted back to the United States They were released and escorted back to the United States Because of Pike’s reports, the Americans grew interested in the Spanish Borderlands. Because of Pike’s reports, the Americans grew interested in the Spanish Borderlands.