1 Adaptive Data Hiding in Edge Areas of Images with Spatial LSB Domain Systems Source: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp , Sep Authors: Cheng-Hsing Yang, Chi-Yao Weng, Shiuh-Jeng Wang, and Hung-Min Sun Speaker: Chia-Chun Wu ( 吳佳駿 ) Date: 2008/09/04
2 Outline Introduction Related works The proposed method Experimental results Conclusion
3 Introduction Fixed Data Hiding Cover image Secret data: Stego-image P 1, P 2, P 3, …, P n 0 111… Cover image Secret data: Stego-image P 1, P 2, P 3, …, P n … Adaptive Data Hiding
4 Wu et al. ’ s PVD and LSB replacement method [18] H. C. Wu, N. I. Wu, C. S. Tsai, and M. S. Hwang, “Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods,” Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Vis. Images signal Process., vol. 152, no. 5, pp , PiPi 56 P i+1 9 didi Lower-level: 3LSB Higher-level: PVD 40 P i ' 63 P i+1 ' 23 d i ' (-8)40(+8) P i ' 55 P i+1 ' 7 d i '
5 The proposed method (1/5) 47 PiPi 56 P i+1 9 didi |R 1 | = 16, |R 2 |=16, |R 3 |= Case 1Case 2 Case 3Case 4
6 The proposed method (2/5) Case 1 63 PiPi 76 P i+1 13 didi P i ' 79 P i+1 ' 31 d i ' (-2 4 )48(+2 4 ) MSE=10 MSE=394 MSE= P i ' P i+1 ' d i ' Min(10, 394, 170) = 10
7 The proposed method (3/5) Case 2 48 PiPi 79 P i+1 31 didi P i ' 64 P i+1 ' 1 d i ' (-2 4 ) 64(+2 4 ) MSE=226 MSE=2 X P i ' P i+1 ' d i ' Min(226, 226) = 226 d i =33 > 31
8 The proposed method (4/5) Case 3 51 PiPi 82 P i+1 31 didi P i ' 83 P i+1 ' 35 d i ' (+2 4 ) 83(-2 4 ) MSE=170 MSE=234 MSE=394 X P i ' P i+1 ' d i ' Min(170, 234) = 170 d i =3 < 16
9 The proposed method (5/5) Case 4 48 PiPi 83 P i+1 35 didi P i ' 79 P i+1 ' 16 d i ' (-2 7 ) 79(+2 7 ) P i ' P i+1 ' d i ' = -1 < 0
10 Experimental results (1/3) Lower-levelHigher-level R 1 =[0, 7]R 2 =[8, 255] Capacity: bits PSNR: dB Capacity: bits PSNR: dB Capacity: bits PSNR: dB Capacity: bits PSNR: dB 3-4 Lower-levelMiddle-level R 1 =[0, 15]R 2 =[16, 47] Higher-level R 3 =[48, 255]
11 Experimental results (2/3)
12 Experimental results (3/3)
13 Conclusion The proposed method majors in more significant promotion in the term of adaptability, capacity, and imperceptivity.