1. Reversible data hiding based on multilevel histogram modification and pixel value grouping
Source : Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol.40, pp , October 2016
Authors : Wenguang He , Gangqiang Xiong , Ke Zhou and Jie Cai
Speaker : Chia-Shuo Shih
Date : 2018/07/19 1

2. Outline Related work Proposed method Experimental results Conclusion
Histogram shifting
Proposed method
Experimental results
Conclusion 2

3. Related work-Histogram shifting2 3 4 5 1
Z. Ni, Y.Q. Shi, N. Ansari, W. Su
Reversible data hiding
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., 16 (3) (2006), pp.  3

4. Related work-Histogram shifting2 3 5 6 1 4

5. Related work-Histogram shifting2 3 5 6 1 2 3 5 6 4 1
s = 5

6. Proposed method-PVG Pixel value grouping(PVG) 6 96 95 94 97 92 98 9193 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 6

7. Proposed method-PVG 7 T = 4 𝑃 𝐿 ={91} 𝑃 𝑅 ={98} 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
= {91,92}
98-98 = 0 ≤ T
= {98,98}
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 7

8. Proposed method-PVG (1) i + 1 < j 8 T = 4 𝑃 𝐿 𝑃 𝑅 91 92 93 94 95 9697 98
95-91 = 4 ≤ T
= {91,92,93,93,94,94,95,95,95}
𝑃 𝐿
(1) i + 1 < j
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 8

9. Proposed method-PVG 9 𝑃 𝐿 𝑃 𝑅 T = 4 15 16 17 18 19 23 25 26 27
= {15,15,16,16,17,18,18,18,18}
27-19 = 8 > T 𝑓 𝑅 = 1
𝑃 𝑅 = {23,25,26,26,26,27,27}
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅
(2) i +1 =j and (𝑓 𝐿 =1 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 𝑅 = 1) 15 16 17 18 19 23 25 26 27 9

10. Proposed method-PVG 10 T = 4 𝑃 𝐿 𝑃 𝑅 15 16 17 18 19 23 25 26 27
= {15,15,16,16,17,18,18,18,18,19}
𝑓 𝑅 = 1
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅
(2) i +1 =j and (𝑓 𝐿 =1 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 𝑅 = 1) 15 16 17 18 19 23 25 26 27 10

11. Proposed method-PVG 11 (3) 𝑓 𝐿 =1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑅 =1 T = 4 𝑃 𝐿 𝑃 𝑅 60 62 63 6770 71 72 73
67-60 = 7 > T
𝑃 𝐿 = {60,60,62,62,63}
𝑓 𝐿 = 1
73-71 = 2 ≤ T
𝑃 𝑅 = {71,71,72,73,73,73}
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅
(3) 𝑓 𝐿 =1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑅 =1 60 62 63 67 70 71 72 73
73-67 = 6 > T
𝑃 𝑅 = {70,70,70,70,71,71,72,73,73,73}
𝑓 𝑅 = 1
𝑓 𝐿 = 1 11

12. Proposed method-Embedding
EL = 4
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅
𝑓 𝑅 = 1
𝑓 𝐿 = 0 15 16 17 18 19 23 25 26 27
PVG 23 15 16 27 19 18 25 26 17 15 16 19 18 17 23 27 25 26
𝑃 𝐿
𝑃 𝑅 12

13. Proposed method-Embedding15 16 19 18 17 19 -4 -3 -1 -2
𝑝 ref =19
𝑃 𝐿
𝑓 𝐿 = 0 13

14. Proposed method-Embedding
Serect bit: 15 16 19 18 17 -4 -3 -1 -2 1
15 -> 1 = 10
15 -> 0 = 11
16 -> 1 = 12
16 -> 0 = 13
17 -> 1 = 14
17 -> 0 = 15
18 -> 1 = 16
18 -> 0 = 17 11 13 19 17 10 16 15 14

15. Proposed method-Embedding23 27 25 26 22
   𝑝 v−ref = 𝑃 σ(n) - (EL+1)
22 = (4+1)
𝑃 𝑅
𝑓 𝑅 = 1 1 5 3 4 15

16. Proposed method-Embedding
Serect bit: 01101 23 27 25 26 1 5 3 4 1
23 -> 0 = 24
23 -> 1 = 25
24 -> 0 = 26
24 -> 1 = 27
25 -> 0 = 28
25 -> 1 = 29
26 -> 0 = 30
26 -> 1 = 31 25 32 28 30 31 16

17. Experimental results 17 Image Scheme EL = 1 EL = 3 EL = 5 EL = 7EC
PSNR
Lena
Proposed
0.14
49.27
0.47
42.71
0.65
39.56
0.73
37.61
0.77
36.38
Luo et al.
0.33
43.33
0.59
38.84
0.7
36.64
0.76
35.23
0.79
34.21
Baboon
0.03
50.65
0.09
44.23
0.17
40.25
0.25
37.38
35.2
42.62
0.19
36.99
0.29
33.86
0.37
31.75
0.43
30.18
Pepper
0.07
49.97
0.28
43.14
0.49
39.2
0.63
36.83
0.72
35.34
0.23
43.03
0.48
38.12
35.72
34.26
33.25
Elaine
0.06
50.21
43.64
0.34
39.59
36.74
0.61
34.69
0.18
42.89
0.38
37.68
0.54
35.01
33.36
0.74
32.26
Boat
50.13
0.22
43.47
39.45
0.51
36.79
34.93
42.88
0.52
34.97
33.23
0.68
31.98
Barbara
0.08
49.98
43.29
39.61
37.21
0.58
35.42
42.9
37.7
34.88
0.55
32.97
0.6
31.53
Comparison of our scheme and Luo et al.’s scheme with 4 × 4 block partition. 17

18. Experimental results 18

19. Experimental results 19

20. Conclusion
Pixel Value Grouping(PVG) 20

21. -END- 22