1. Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Based on Multiple Histograms Modification
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, VOL. 10, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2015
Authors: Xiaolong Li, Weiming Zhang, Xinlu Gui, and Bin Yang Speaker: ZhaoHua Zhu
Date: 12/01/2017

2. Outline
Related Work
Proposed Scheme
Experiment Result
Conclusions

3. Predict error after embedding e’
Related Work(1/9) Frame work of PEE
I - I’ -2 1 6 -3 7
Cover Image I
Predict Image I’
Predict error e
embedding
I’ + e’ -3 2 1 7 -4 8
Predict error after embedding e’
Predict error Histogram h
Stego Image I’’

4. Related Work(2/9) -Prediction error
162
161  …
164
158
155
160
163
159
157
Predicted value:
162
164
161
156  …
158
160
159
163
155
157 -2 1 5  … 6 -4 -3 7 -1 4

5. Related Work(3/9) -complexity measurement
162
161  …
164
158
155
160
163
159
157 1 4  … 2 3 5

6. Related Work(4/9) -PEH (0,1) (-2,4) (1,4) (5,4) … (0,2) (6,3) (-2,5)
n = 0
(0,1)
(-2,4)
(1,4)
(5,4)  …
(0,2)
(6,3)
(-2,5)
(-4,2)
(0,0)
(-3,5)
(7,2)
(-1,2)
(0,3)
(4,2)
(-2,0)
(-1,0)
Ignore n
n = 1
(e , n)
n = … …

7. Related Work(5/9) C-PEE -2 1 5 … 6 -4 -3 7 -1 4 -3 2 6 … 1 7 -5 -4 8-2 1 5  … 6 -4 -3 7 -1 4 -3 2 6  … 1 7 -5 -4 8 -2 5 -1
010100…

8. Related Work(6/9) A-PEE
Pick those histogram which n < T, T is threshold
Supposed T = 3
(0,1)
(-2,4)
(1,4)
(5,4)  …
(0,2)
(6,3)
(-2,5)
(-4,2)
(0,0)
(-3,5)
(7,2)
(-1,2)
(0,3)
(4,2)
(-2,0)
(-1,0)
(0,1)
(-2,4)
(1,4)
(5,4)  …
(1,2)
(6,3)
(-2,5)
(-5,2)
(0,0)
(-3,5)
(8,2)
(-2,2)
(0,3)
(5,2)
(-3,0)
(-1,0)
01010… -3 2 6  … 1 7 -5 -4 8 -2 5 -1
C-PEE

9. Related Work(7/9)
C-PEE
A-PEE

10. Related Work(8/9) O-PEE Set(a,b) to determine hide value -2 1 5 … 6 -4-2 1 5  … 6 -4 -3 7 -1 4 -2 1 6  … 7 -5 -3 8 -1 5
0….
(-3,2)

11. Related Work(9/9) AO-PEE
(-2,2)
T=3
(0,1)
(-2,4)
(1,4)
(5,4)  …
(0,2)
(6,3)
(-2,5)
(-4,2)
(0,0)
(-3,5)
(7,2)
(-1,2)
(0,3)
(4,2)
(-2,0)
(-1,0)
(0,1)
(-2,4)
(1,4)
(5,4)  …
(0,2)
(6,3)
(-2,5)
(-5,2)
(0,0)
(-3,5)
(8,2)
(-1,2)
(0,3)
(5,2)
(-3,0)
(-1,0) 1…

12. Main idea of proposed method
(a0,b0) : (-2,1) (a1,b1) : (-3,2) (a2,b2) : (-4,3) (a3,b3) : (-4,3) (a4,b4) : (-∞, ∞)

13. Proposed Method(2/5) 1011 (1,1) (-2,0) (1,0) (2,0) (0,2) (-1,1) (2,1)
(-2,1)
(0,0)
(-3,4)
(7,2)
(-1,2)
(0,3)
(4,2)
(-1,0)
Nend = 8
(1,1)
(-2,0)
(1,0)
(2,0)
(0,2)
(-1,1)
(2,1)
(-2,1)
g(e)
h(e)

14. Proposed Method(3/5) g(e) g’(e) embedding distortion
g(e)
g’(e)
embedding distortion
ED = g’(-2) + g’(-3) + g’(-4) + g’(2) + g’(3) + g’(4) + g’(5)
ED = g(-2) + g(-3) + g(2) + g(3) + g(4) + (g(1) + g(-1))/2 ED
payload
PS = g(1) + g(-1) PS

15. Proposed Method(4/5) ED PS

16. Proposed Method(5/5)——Optimize
Predicted value
Complexity Measurement

17. Experiment Result(1/2)
[29] W. Hong, T.-S. Chen, and C.-W. Shiu, “Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors,” J. Syst. Softw., vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 1833–1842, Nov [35] G. Coatrieux, W. Pan, N. Cuppens-Boulahia, F. Cuppens, and C. Roux,“Reversible watermarking based on invariant image classification and dynamic histogram shifting,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 8,no. 1, pp. 111–120, Jan [40] V. Sachnev, H. J. Kim, J. Nam, S. Suresh, and Y. Q. Shi, “Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction,” IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 989–999, Jul [44] C. Wang, X. Li, and B. Yang, “Efficient reversible image watermarking by using dynamical prediction-error expansion,” in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Sep. 2010, pp. 3673– [48] X. Li, W. Zhang, X. Gui, and B. Yang, “A novel reversible data hiding scheme based on two-dimensional difference-histogram modification,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1091–1100, Jul [49] B. Ou, X. Li, Y. Zhao, R. Ni, and Y.-Q. Shi, “Pairwise predictionerror expansion for efficient reversible data hiding,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 5010–5021, Dec [55] H. J. Hwang, H. J. Kim, V. Sachnev, and S. H. Joo, “Reversible watermarking method using optimal histogram pair shifting based on prediction and sorting,” KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 655–670, Aug

18. Experiment Result(2/2)

19. Conclusion
This method can achieve higher PSNR value than other method, but have limits in hiding capacity. I think this method can provide higher security of Image.

20. Thank You