Sarawak Forestry Corporation HIGH QUALITY PLANTING MATERIALS FOR FOREST PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT IN SARAWAK Julaihi Abdullah Sarawak Forestry Corporation 28.3.2013

INTRODUCTION CURRENT STATUS ISSUES AND CHALLENGES THE WAY FORWARD PRESENTATION OUTLINE INTRODUCTION CURRENT STATUS ISSUES AND CHALLENGES THE WAY FORWARD

INTRODUCTION 1 million hectares was set as a target for planted forests by 2020 43 LPF licenses have been issued with plantable area of 1.3 million hectares Achievement as at December 2012 : 304,120ha (30%) To plant up the remaining 700,000 hectares from 2013-2020 of planted forests, 800 million seedlings needed The availability of high quality planting materials is a pre-requisite for a successful forest plantation development in Sarawak . To plant up the remaining 700,000 hectares from 2013-2020 of planted forest by year 2020, we need approximately 800 million seedlings. The main species planted are: Acacia mangium (Acacia superbulk, Acacia hybrid) Paraserianthes falcataria (Batai) Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan) Eucalyptus spp. (E. deglupta and E. pellita) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubberwood – Latex timber clone (LTC) Dipterocarp spp (Shorea, Dryobalanops, Dipterocarpus) The different types of planting materials are: Seed Cuttings Tissue culture Wildings These materials are sourced from both local and overseas. The current local supply of seed are from Borneo Tree Seed Supply Sdn Bhd (BTSS), Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd(SPFSB) and Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC). R&D on quality planting materials by the local institution in collaboration with overseas research institution (CSIRO) is ongoing.

NEED FOR HIGH QUALITY PLANTING MATERIALS Optimum Growth & Yield High Quality Planting Materials High Quality Pulp & Wood Pests & Diseases Free Plantation The availability of high quality planting materials is a pre-requisite for a successful forest plantation development in Sarawak . To plant up the remaining 700,000 hectares from 2013-2020 of planted forest by year 2020, we need approximately 800 million seedlings. The main species planted are: Acacia mangium (Acacia superbulk, Acacia hybrid) Paraserianthes falcataria (Batai) Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan) Eucalyptus spp. (E. deglupta and E. pellita) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubberwood – Latex timber clone (LTC) Dipterocarp spp (Shorea, Dryobalanops, Dipterocarpus) The different types of planting materials are: Seed Cuttings Tissue culture Wildings These materials are sourced from both local and overseas. The current local supply of seed are from Borneo Tree Seed Supply Sdn Bhd (BTSS), Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd(SPFSB) and Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC). R&D on quality planting materials by the local institution in collaboration with overseas research institution (CSIRO) is ongoing. Maximum Return On Investment

Main Tree Plantation Species Planted by LPFs’ Holders Acacia mangium (Acacia, superbulk, Acacia hybrid) Paraserianthes falcataria (Batai) Eucalyptus spp. (E. deglupta and E. pellita) Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubberwood – Timber Latex Clone) Dipterocarp spp.

Supply of planting materials Types of Planting Materials: Seed Cuttings Tissue Culture Plantlets Wildings Local suppliers: Borneo Tree Seed and Seedling Supplies Sdn Bhd (BTSS), Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd( SPFSB) and Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC) Imported seeds sourced from : Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Solomon Island

CURRENT STATUS OF R&D DEVELOPMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING SPECIES IN SARAWAK

Acacia mangium

Acacia mangium About 50,000 ha to be planted annually 50 million seedlings is required annually : (1,000 kg of seeds) Current production capacity SPFSB : 60 ha of SPA produce 100 kg of seeds/year BTSSS: 20 ha produce 60-80kg of seeds /year LPF holders: produce the seeds themselves or purchase it from overseas BTSSS: produce seedlings from cutting for hybrid

Acacia mangium……..continue Current Status R & D findings from overseas available Need to improve to suit local conditions R & D conducted by individual LPFs Action Plan Seed production area(SPA) and Seed orchard (SO) Need to establish 600 ha of SPA/seed orchard immediately Increase SPA, seed orchard and clonal seed orchard in existing plantation The future plan is to establish clonal seed orchard SFCSB shall provide technical assistance

Paraserianthes falcataria (Batai)

2. Paraserianthes falcataria (Batai) Current status No research done on the improvement of planting material Seeds imported from overseas (Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Philippines) Action Plan Tree breeding programs need to be conducted (SFC & LPFs) SPA to be established in LPFs Potential mother trees to be identified for breeding purposes

Eucalyptus spp. (E. deglupta and E. pellita)

3. Eucalyptus spp. (E. deglupta and E. pellita) Current status Seeds purchased from oversea (Solomon Islands & Australia) Trial plots have been establish by SPFSB since 2007 Initial growth is promising Samling (LPF0014) is carrying out research on cross breeding of E. deglupta and E. pellita under controlled cross pollination & cuttings Action Plan Its potential needs further R&D before it could be considered for planting on a large scale

Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan)

4. Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan) CURRENT STATUS SPAs have been established throughout Sarawak by SFC Provenance trial is currently being carried out Seedling germinated from seed (1 gram = 20,000 seeds, 1 kg=20 million seeds) Tree improvement through genetic engineering is ongoing Seeds from selected mother tree is now available for planting Action Plan Germplasm needs to be established Issues on site specific & pests attack need to be addressed

(Rubberwood – Timber Latex Clone) 5. Hevea brasiliensis (Rubberwood – Timber Latex Clone) R&D done by Lembaga Getah Malaysia(LGM) One of the species recommended by Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB) 20-25 year rotation

Dipterocarp species

6. Dipterocarp species Shorea spp (Meranti), Dryobalanops spp (Kapur) and Dipterocarpus spp (Keruing) Current status Potential species for forest plantation identified SPA established Cutting technique established Tissue culture is ongoing Issues Irregular fruiting, recalcitrant(seed cannot be stored for more than 6 months) 30-40 year rotation

THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Insufficient supply of high quality planting materials No Federal funding for R&D (since RMK10) R & D conducted by individual LPFs and not coordinated Pest and Disease Outbreak e.g Ganoderma (red root rot), Ceratocystis (wilt disease), heart rot, borers attack, etc The

THE WAY FORWARD Strengthen R&D on production of high quality planting materials Identify the best mother trees Ascertain the genetic variation of mother trees Setting up technical consultative committee for R&D FD/SFC to coordinate R & D with LPFs Provide technical assistance to LPF holders Monitoring and mitigation of Pest and diseases

THE WAY FORWARD (cont..) Seek more funding from State Establish adequate clonal seed orchard, SPA for selected tree species to produce high quality planting materials. Development of growth and yield model Capacity building – train more local experts and enhance collaboration with other research Institutions/ Universities Appointment of Sarawak Forest Tree Seedbank, Semengoh to regulate the quality of seeds and planting materials

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF SARAWAK FOREST TREE SEED BANK, SEMENGOH Coordinates seed registration, documentation and distribution To produce high quality planting materials of indigenous forest tree species and exotic species To provide seed testing and seed storage facilities. To establish and maintain Seed Production Areas and Phenology plots

SARAWAK FOREST TREE SEED BANK

Borneo Tree Seeds and Seedlings Supplies Sdn Bhd, Bintulu Seed Production Area for Acacia superbulk Borneo Tree Seeds and Seedlings Supplies Sdn Bhd, Bintulu

Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd (SPFSB), Bintulu PROVENANCE TRIAL PLOT CLONAL ARCHIVE Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd (SPFSB), Bintulu

SYARIKAT SAMLING TIMBER SDN BHD, BINTULU Production of Planting Materials of Eucalyptus sp by Leafy Stem Cuttings SYARIKAT SAMLING TIMBER SDN BHD, BINTULU

Controlled cross pollination of E. pellita and E. deglupta x E. pellita E. deglupta

AKNOWLEDGEMENT Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd (SPFSB) Borneo Tree Seed and Seedling Supplies Sdn Bhd (BTSS) Samling (LPF0014)

THANK YOU

60 ha of SPA produce 100 kg of seed/year BTSSS: APPENDIX 1 Current production: SPFSB 60 ha of SPA produce 100 kg of seed/year BTSSS: 20 ha produce 60-80kg of seed /year 1 kg= 50,000 of seeds or can cater 40 -50 ha, 1 ha can produce about 2 kg of seeds 50,000 ha of Acacia plantation(20,000ha SPF & 30,000 other LPFs) requires 50 million seedlings(1,000 kg of seeds) annually

Research &Development (R&D) APPENDIX 2a Current Status on Research & Development for selected species: Species Current status/ planting material Sources Agencies Research &Development (R&D) Acacia mangium 1. Superbulk FNQ (Damper & Kuranda-Far North Queensland) Borneo Tree Seed Supply (BTSS)/ CSIRO Seed from good trees Seed orchard (SEGAN, LPF 0014) BTSS/ CSIRO 2. Hybrid Vietnam (Forest Science Institute of Vietnam) BTSS/CSIRO Cross pollination (A.mangium X A.auriculiformis ) Own selection From natural hybrid stands Samling LPF 0014 3. A. mangium + Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn Bhd (SPF) Seed production areas (SPA) SPF/CSIRO Seed collected from selected mother trees 4. A. mangium purchased from overseas Indonesia, Philippines, PNG, North Queensland Australia

Research &Development (R&D) APPENDIX 2b Species Current status/ planting material Sources Agencies Research &Development (R&D) Eucalyptus 1. E. pellita / Clonal cuttings Own SPA ,SEGAN Australia Tree Seed Centre (ATSC), Australia No R&D 2. E. deglupta Philippines NESEAAA MARKETING 3. Hybrid Samling (LPF/0014) Controlled Cross pollination between E. deglupta and E.pellita Paraserianthes falcataria ( Batai) Seed imported from overseas Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Philippines SFC / Shin Yang Breeding population composed of selected mother trees from various breeding programs in Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, China, and PNG

APPENDIX 2c Species Current status/ planting material Sources Agencies Research and Development (R&D) Neolamarckia cadamba (Kelampayan) 1. Seeds SPAs throughout Sarawak SFC Establish germplasm from West Malaysia, Sabah, Indonesia and Philippines 2. tissue culture Protocol developed Hevea brasilliensis (Rubber) 1. Latex timber clone (LTC) Lembaga Getah Malaysia (LGM) Group 1 : PB260, PB 350, PB 355 and PB 359(recommended) Group 2: RRIM 928, RRIM 929, RRIM 2001, RRIM 2002, RRIM 2009, RRIM 2016, RRIM 2023, RRIM 2024, RRIM 2025, RRIM 2026 and RRIM 2027 Dipterocarp spp. 1. Shorea spp. Seeds from good mother trees, vegetative propagation (cutting), tissue culture 2.Dryobalanops spp.