1. Evolving Structure of Eucalyptus Breeding and Biotechnology Research in Brazil INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON APPLIED BIOECONOMY RESEARCH – ICABR. RAVELLO – JUNE 17 th, 2015 Jaim J. da Silva Jr. Campinas State University Agriculture Economy and Environment Nucleus (NEA)

2. Brazil´s land use Agriculture Native Forests GM Soybean Cultivated Area 25 million hectares Amazon Biome 40% of the National Territory

3. Planted Forests : Brazil 2013 Total Area - 7,600,974 Hectares Eucalyptus – 5,473,176 Hectares Pine – 1,570,146 Hectares Rubber tree, Acacia, Teak, Paricá, Araucaria, Populus and other – 557,652 Hectares Source: Ibá (2014)

4. Forest Transition Percentage share of the forestry production in Brazil 1995-2013. Brazil have over 50% of the territory covered by native forests. Plenty of agriculturable land available. States of Mato Grosso, Pará, Bahia and Minas Gerais have over 1 million hectares of degraded pasture each (IBGE, 2006). Places experience forest transitions when declines in forest cover cease and recoveries in forest cover begin (Kudel et al., 2005). Source: IBGE

5. Milestones of Eucalyptus Breeding and Biotech 1900s – First comercial plantation led by Paulista Railroads Company. 1960s to 1970s - Sharp increase in cultivated area, Law No. 5,106, by which the Federal Government stipulates tax incentives for afforestation. 1980s to 2000s - Eucalyptus Urograndis. Vegetative propagation led by Aracruz Company. Nowadays, about 3,000,000 hectares of Eucalyptus forests was formed by cloning technics. 2000s to 2010s – Genomics, transgenics, bioreactors, seedlings biofactories. Source: Ibá (2014)

6. Dynamics of Agricultural research organization - Fuglie and Toole (2014) Large role of private sector New institutional models for public private research collaboration Stagnant public agricultural research investment Financer (2012)Breeding/Biotech R&D Investments Executors Federal GovernmentUS$ 32.5 millionEmbrapa, Universities State Research Foundations *(FAPESP 1996-2006) US$ 15 millionUniversities, Firms Private Firms - IbáUS$ 15 millionIndustry, Universities Private Firms – Forest Biotech Multinationals US$ 4.6 millionIndustry, Universities Greater internationalization Evolving structure of Eucalyptus Breeding and Biotech R&D in Brazil

7. Registry of Eucalyptus Cultivars in Brazil Source: National Regitry of Cultivars (RNC)

8. Forest Biotechnology – GM Eucalyptus field trials in Brazil Reduction in content and changes of lignin composition Resistance to pests and diseases Herbicide tolerance Increased Biomass Production Field Trial goals Source: CTNBio Five enterprises registered GM Eucalyptus field trials in the country. A total of 24 field trials, since 1999.

9. New Institutional Models: Public Private Research Partnership Public Agricultural Research Institute Private Company Public University I.P. Boundary $ T Technology Transfer Financial Resources $ T, $ Research Grant IPEF, SIF T, $ Genolyptus, Lignodeco, ForESTs T, $ Source: Day-Rubenstein and Fuglie (2000)

10. Research ConsortiumForESTs Genolyptus ProjectLignoDeco Period 2001/20022002/20042010/2013 Goals Forestry Genomics Forestry Genomics (Eucalyptus) Optimized biomass deconstruction Executers Firms (4)Firms (14)Firms (2) Universities (4) Universities (7)Universities (5) EMBRAPA (3 Units) BudgetUS$ 4 MillionUS$ 7 Million US$ 3 Million Main Results 110 Mil ESTs Field tests with GM Eucalyptus Pilot Scale Plant New Institutional Models: Research Consortium Source: Research Data

11. Greater Internationalization : FuturaGene and ArborGen FuturaGene was acquired by the Brazilian firm Suzano in 2010. Structure of the company in Brazil is made of 32 employees, 21 full time researches devoted exclusively to biotechnology. Own gene inserted in the GM Eucalyptus approved in Brazil. Expectation of commercial realese in 2020. ArborGen's structure in Brazil is concentrated at the São Paulo State. Agreement with International Paper grants ArborGen the exclusive right to produce and sell International Papers´ Eucalyptus seedlings in Brazil.

12. Forest Sciences Education and Training 186 research groups in Forest Resources and Forest Engineering (CNPq, 2010). 116 breeders specialized in Forest Resources (CGEE, 2008). 26 Gradute courses in Forest Resources and Forest Engineering (SNIF, 2012).

13. Thank you! jaim@eco.unicamp.br

14. Planted Forests: Role of Private Sector Distribution of the Eucalyptus Cultivated AreaDistribution of the Eucalyptus Consumption Firms owns about 3 million hectares of planted forests and 2.9 million hectares of preserved forests. Main investors in Eucalyptus breeding in the country. Source: Ibá (2014)