Ventilation A presentation for Presented by Tim Kaye 14 th May 2015

Airmaster – a recap… What’s it all about? Approaches to ventilation Regulation changes Next steps Presentation Outline

We manufacture highly efficient decentralised heat recovery ventilation systems Our product philosophy Flexible ventilation solutions No ducts Demand controlled Highly efficient Innovative Energy saving Quiet* * more on this later… Introduction to Airmaster

Localised ventilation – no ductwork Ventilation units located in the rooms they are serving So what is “decentralised ventilation”? Traditional system Central AHU Ductwork throughout the building Decentralised system Local AHUs No Ductwork throughout the building Intelligent demand controlled ventilation Perfect for new build, simple to install for refurbishment projects

Air Supply Air Extraction Air Intake Air Exhaust What do we do? principles

WALL MOUNTED RANGE

How do we do it? Installation Examples

AM 900 AM1200

How do we do it? AM 1200

Cooling module FOR AM 100, 500, 800 & 1000 units ”Plug and Play” ® solution Cooling module is attached to the ventilation unit. No external components. Low noise Inverter controlled Energy efficient New product development

AMS m 3 30dB(A) 0.9W/l/s SFP Bypass damper Filter choices including M5, F7 & F9 No ducting Delivers over 9l/s per person for typical classroom New product development

Why do we do it? Noise Options with ambient noise level of 65bB(A) Natural ventilation – classroom noise level 55dB(A) Airmaster decentralised heat recovery ventilation – 35dB(A)

Founded in 1991 by Kim Jensen and Henrik Stæhr. Today we employ 78 colleagues in Denmark and manufacture in 3 premises. We have 9 people in R & D. Airmaster A/S is represented in Several European countries, and has it‘s own sales companies in Sweden & the UK. Number of factors to consider when selecting ventilation including: Approaches to Ventilation Single sided Cross flow Stack Natural Ventilation Natural supply & mechanical extract Central air handling unit Decentralised heat recovery system Mechanical Ventilation – Location of school and ambient noise levels – Exterior pollution levels – Energy demands – Climate – Security – Room layout

Benefits No energy used during operation Can use windows as a method of ventilation Uses natural cooling therefore removing the need for mechanical air conditioning Reduces energy consumption required for cooling Can use night time purging to cool thermal mass No noise from mechanical fans or motors Natural Ventilation

Limitations Uses 12 times more energy than high efficient heat recovery systems No heat recovery Limited or no controls available – often relies on manual operation Inconsistent air volume compared to demanded rate CIBSE suggest over 3,000 climatic conditions which can affecting ventilation Limits on room design and layout Noise transfer through terminal/window Draughts No filtration of supply air If windows used to provide ventilation, security issues need to be addressed Natural Ventilation

Can use either Air handling units – central system Decentralised units Range of different types of heat exchangers… Heat Recovery Ventilation Plastic Good efficiencies Retains condensate Airflow creates static – dust sticks to surface Easily deteriorates Paper Ermm… Aluminium Good efficiencies Long lasting Clean

Benefits All mechanical components contained within the air handling unit Easy to service and maintain – air handling unit Heat recovery of energy from the exhaust air Range of different heat recovery options available – Thermal wheel – Plate heat exchanger – Run around coils Commissioning of mechanical elements of the air handling units is relatively quick Lower capital cost (excluding ducting and grilles & diffusers) Heat Recovery Ventilation – Central Plant

Limitations Expensive installation cost Need space for ductwork to run through the building Difficult to retro fit Air handling units sized for a particular application, difficult to extend onto the system when building’s requirement changes “One size fits” all approach to air supply, conditioned at the air handling unit and supplied to all the rooms connected Can provide demand controlled ventilation however very expensive solution with dampers to control air volume – need to be serviced annually in Denmark Penetrates fire compartments throughout the building requiring additional intumescent measures (fire collars, fire dampers, duct wrap etc.) Attenuators required on ductwork to ensure transmitted noise is minimised Heat Recovery Ventilation

Heat Recovery Ventilation – Decentralised Self contained supply and extract ventilation system Complete with counter flow heat exchanger Filters on both supply and extract air Connected to outside through wall or roof Air volume is regulated depending on demand

Heat Recovery Ventilation – Decentralised Benefits Ventilation only in those rooms that require it Simple to install No ductwork through the building Large savings on what additional heating is required Can be used to extend ventilation requirements on existing buildings No pressure losses through ductwork No energy used moving air volume through ductwork resulting in very low specific fan power (SFP) <1 W/l/s No additional components required (attenuators, diffusers)

Worked Example Primary School – Input parameters LocationLondon Classroom60m 2 No. Classrooms8 No. People/classroom25 Fresh air per person8l/s Total fresh air 1,600l/s Hours operation per day8 No. days per year194 Indoor temp22  C Supply air temp16  C Boiler typegas Boiler efficiency85%

Results Ventilation Alternatives

Results Results - CO 2 Emissions Natural Ventilation & mechanical extract Heat Recovery 50% efficient Heat Recovery 84% efficient Natural Ventilation 100%89%64%22%

Results – Energy Usage Natural Ventilation & mechanical extract Heat Recovery 50% efficient Heat Recovery 84% efficient Natural Ventilation 100%97%35%8% Results

Best practice Incorporate high efficient heat recovery exchanger Incorporate energy efficient components wherever possible; – Low energy EC fans – Counterflow heat exchanger – Summer bypass damper Incorporate night time cooling Ensure ambient noise transmission is reduced to minimum levels Ensure ventilation system can be simply serviced/maintained Key Figures Natural ventilation uses 12 times more energy compared to high energy efficient heat recovery decentralised units Natural ventilation produces over 4 times more carbon emissions Airmaster can reduce ambient noise transmitted through the unit by over 54dB(A) Summary of ventilation options

Founded in 1991 by Kim Jensen and Henrik Stæhr. Today we employ 78 colleagues in Denmark and manufacture in 3 premises. We have 9 people in R & D. Airmaster A/S is represented in Several European countries, and has it‘s own sales companies in Sweden & the UK. Quality of Ventilation in the Classroom There are a wide range of ventilation strategies adopted throughout the schools in the UK. Studies show that ventilation rates in classrooms vary massively Old classrooms make use of windows and infiltration/exfiltration Recent trends have been to use “natural” or “passive” ventilation” Indoor Air Quality in Schools – what happens in reality Teachers didn’t open the windows; – Noise/disturbance from outside – Cold draughts – Wasting energy

Airmaster’s reality – Primary School data log Key Highlights 13/2/14 Average outdoor CO 2 concentration 455ppm Average CO 2 concentration during school day 770ppm Highest CO 2 concentration during school day 1040ppm Running cost£0.21 per day Heating energy saved 20kWh CO 2 saved4kg Heating cost saved£2.89

BB93 updated last year BB101 currently going through review Insight into my first meeting… Still heavily biased towards natural ventilation I have added an alternative voice for mechanical ventilation Want a level playing field Should be trying to create the best, healthiest learning environment for the children Changes to regulations

BB101 due to be published end of this year Some key changes include; – No draughts – air needs to be mixed before entering occupied zone – Can no longer “pre heat” air using radiators – Air can’t be cooler than the room by more than 5⁰C – Need to incorporate “night cooling” into any scheme Observations from Airmaster include; – Focus on overheating in summer time – Focus on cooling classroom using thermal mass – No recognition on heating requirement – Difference between CO 2 concentration depending on ventilation systems – Reference made to controls but appears to be reliance on teacher operation Changes to regulations

Airmaster would like to; Build on the relationships with the Modular Building companies Understand your typical project type Develop strong relationships with all key influencers including; – Consultants – Architects – Contractors – End users Why should we do this? Move forward together to create healthy learning environments Raise the energy issue Provide simple to operate, quick to maintain solutions Offer demand controlled ventilation – only ventilating when required Next steps