Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems (PTS) The Campania Regional Project Vico Equense (NA) – April, Gennaro Di Giaimo Automotive Project Responsible

Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems The main drivers for Public Transport are: –mobility –social inclusion –procurement –scale economics Interoperability is central to the development of a Common Transport Policy (CTP) for the European Union (EU) 2 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

ITS (Intelligent Transportations System) standardization in Europe is headed by CEN –CEN is one of three European Standardization Organizations (together with CENELEC and ETSI) that have been officially recognized by the European Union and by the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) as being responsible for developing and defining voluntary standards at European level On ITS is active the Technical Committee 278 (TC 278) 3 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN/TC 278 is responsible for managing the preparation of standards in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in Europe serves as a platform for European stakeholder to exchange knowledge, information, best practices and experiences in ITS liaisons –ISO/TC 204 Intelligent Transport Systems –ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) TC ITS 4 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN/TC 278 established in national members 54 active projects, 135 adopted standards (January 2015) 10 active working groups with over 300 nominated experts cooperation between market players –industries, service providers, governments well connected to European R&D 5 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

TC/278 Working Groups WGTitle WG1Electronic Fee Collection WG2Freight, Logistics and Commercial Vehicle Operations WG3Public Transport WG4Traffic and Traveller Information WG8Road Traffic Data WG9Dedicated Short Range Communications WG10Human-Machine Interfaces WG12Automatic Vehicle and Equipment Identification WG13Architecture & Terminology WG14Recovery of Stolen Vehicles WG15eSafety WG16Co-operative systems 6 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 – Special Groups SGTitle SG1Data Communication on Vehicles SG2Passenger Information SG4Transmodel SG5Interoperable Fare Management SG6Identification of Fixed Objects in Public Transportation SG7Service Interfaces Real Time Information SG8Distributed Journey Planning SG9Network, Timetable and Fare exchange 7 Interoperability problems in Campania Region project

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG1 - DCoV Data Communication on Vehicles works on Board Data Bus Transmission (CAN-OPEN/ WorldFIP) –CAN-OPEN and WorldFIP are fieldbus network protocols designed to provide links between sensors/actuators and controllers it standardizes –application rules concerning the WorldFIP or CAN data bus transmission –environmental and electrical conditions and limits inside the vehicle 8 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG4 - Transmodel Transmodel is the CEN European Reference Data Model for Public Transport Information it provides an abstract model of common public transport concepts and data structures that can be used to build many different kinds of public transport information system, including for timetabling, fares, operational management, real time data, journey planning etc. 9 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG4 - Transmodel 10 v

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG5 - IFMS IFMS is also know as ISO :2007 and provides the basis for the development of multi-operator/multi-service Interoperable public surface (including subways) transport Fare Management Systems on a national and international level. IFMS encompasses all systems and processes designed to manage the distribution and use of fare products in an interoperable Public Transport environment. It enables the customer to use a unique portable electronic medium (e.g. a contact/contactless smart card) with compatible equipment (e.g. at stops, with retail systems, at platform entry points or on board vehicles) IFMS concepts can also be applied to fare management systems not using electronic media 11 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG6 - IFOPT IFOPT - Identification of Fixed Objects in Public Transport provides a Reference Data Model for describing the main fixed objects required for public access to Public transport –Transportation hubs such as airports, stations, bus stops, ports, and other destination places and points of interest, as well as their entrances, platforms, concourses, internal spaces, equipment, facilities, accessibility etc. Such a model is a fundamental component of the Public transport information systems needed both to operate Public transport and to inform passengers about services 12 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG7 - SIRI The Service Interface for Real Time Information allows distributed computers to exchange real time information about public transport services and vehicles. SIRI is compliant to the Transmodel abstract model –comprises a general purpose model and an XML schema for public transport information. SIRI allows pairs of server computers to exchange structured real-time information about schedules, vehicles, and connections, together with general informational messages related to the operation of the services 13 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG8 - DGPS A Distributed Journey Planning System is a specialized electronic search engine used to find the best journey between two points by some means of transport A journey planner may be used in conjunction with ticketing and reservation systems, or just to provide schedule information It is supporting action for the European Railway Agency and coordination of rail standard with urban and suburban standards 14 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CEN TC/278 WG3 SG9 - NETEX NeTEx is the standard for exchanging Public Transport Information it provides a W3C XML schema based on Transmodel and can be used to exchange many different kinds of data between passenger information systems, including stops, facilities, timetabling, fares, transport network infrastructure and topology, public transport schedules, journey planning, … –Such data can be used by both operational management systems and customer facing systems for journey planning etc. It includes uniform mechanisms for versioning and identifying entity instances within a global context. It provides protocols for exchanging documents using either asynchronous bulk exchange or dynamic messages using http and SIRI 15 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

And then, if standards are there or on the way, where is the problem ? 16 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

Main Challenges lack of competences in the companies –bus still seen as wheels, steering wheels, brakes standardization has not led to lower price products yet –creation of a mass market a lot of companies already have proprietary/non standard systems –safeguard of previous investments –migration of legacy systems database migrations and integrations –no shared data structures 17 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

Main Challenges local governments are shareholders of many Public Transportation companies –no industrial logic based decisions buses maintenance –a lot of different models –very high average age no clear consensus on –ROI of standards adoption –value of cooperation among companies fear for –respect of privacy across systems –security level –possible fraud 18 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

Political Challenges since the local public transport is a strategic factor for the growth of a nation, the policy must support the modernization of fleets with appropriate investment plans –lack of a clear political will and direction standard adoption involves local, national and international institutions some European standards are perceived in some nations as “national” standards strongly influenced by local interests 19 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

… towards the sun The road is not clear and not easy It needs a strong commitment for –modernization of Public Transport fleets –dissemination of knowledge –promotion of Best Practice to spread excellence 20 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

A challenging testbed: Campania Region The new ITS system of the Campania Region has the following main purposes: –create an open system, able to evolve along with the new standard and market products without being bound by software proprietary architectures –articulate the processes of design, acquisition, installation and management, ruling them to meet specific needs of individual operators –integrate value-added services and innovative channels, such as: Modern payments mediums (Smartphones, NFC, …) Up to date Passenger Information Systems –adopt the latest products but proven, that have already been tested and are already included in the market and used in similar projects –… 21 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

A challenging testbed: Campania Region more than 50 Public Transport Companies –From very large companies (more than 500 buses) with ITS solutions are already in place to very small companies (less than 10 buses) with no ITS equipment millions of passengers millions of Km of public transportation services thousands of bus stops hundreds of stations hundreds of municipalities millions of tickets / hundreds of fares thousands of data sets 22 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems

CSR Regional Platforms CSR TPL 23 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems Infomobility Service monitoring Security Ticketing Muoversi in Campania CRISS Ulisse Clearing Company Control Center (CCA) Transport networkRegistry ReportingService programming BUSESDEPOTSTRAINSLIGHT RAILWAYS Communication infrastructure Company Control Center (CCA) Company Control Center (CCA) Communication infrastructure

the challenge is just begun 24 Interoperability in Public Transportation Systems