Tuesday 4/19/16 Learning Goal: Describe the characteristics and adaptations of reptiles. Warm up: What are some examples of reptiles?

CHAPTER 11 SECTION 4 Reptiles

What is a reptile? Ectotherm Vertebrate with lungs and scaly skin  Get oxygen from air (even sea turtles) Can spend entire life on land Lay eggs on land Examples: snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators

Adaptations First vertebrates to adapt and live on land Skin  Dry, tough skin covered with scales  Helps keep water in their bodies Kidneys  Organs that filter waste from the blood  Waste is then excreted in a watery fluid called URINE  Kidneys concentrate urine so reptiles lose little water

Adaptations Eggs  Internal fertilization  Amniotic Egg  Egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo from drying out  Pores in shell let oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

The Amniotic Egg

Lizards and Snakes Most reptiles alive today are lizards or snakes Skin covered with overlapping scales Shed skin/scales Warm areas Lizards: four legs, claws on toes, long tails, external ears, movable eyelids, two lungs Snakes: no legs, no external ears, no eyelids, one lung

Lizards/Snakes Obtaining Food Few lizards = herbivores Most lizards = carnivores All snakes = carnivores  Some snakes have venom glands attached to hollow teeth called fangs  Some snakes have long, curved teeth 

Lizards/Snakes Movement Lizards  Walk or move Snake  Slithers, contracting and shortening bands of muscle connected to their ribs/backbones

Alligators Large, carnivorous reptiles that care for their young Broad, round snouts Few teeth visible when mouth is shut Carnivores, hunt at night

Crocodiles Large, carnivorous reptiles that care for their young Carnivores, hunt at night Pointed snouts, most teeth visible when mouth is shut

Alligator and Crocodile Video Clips imals/reptiles-animals/alligators- crocodiles/croc_american/ imals/reptiles-animals/alligators- crocodiles/croc_american/ imals/reptiles-animals/alligators- crocodiles/alligator_protectinghatchlings/ imals/reptiles-animals/alligators- crocodiles/alligator_protectinghatchlings/ imals/reptiles-animals/alligators- crocodiles/baby-mugger-crocodiles-predation/ imals/reptiles-animals/alligators- crocodiles/baby-mugger-crocodiles-predation/

Turtles Live in fresh water, ocean, land Land = “tortoise” Body covered by a protective shell that includes the ribs and backbone Some turtles can pull their head, legs, and tail inside their shell Have sharp-edged beak instead of teeth Carnivores and herbivores

Turtle Video Clips als-news/us-oil-spill-turtle-relocation-vin/ als-news/us-oil-spill-turtle-relocation-vin/ ptiles-animals/turtles-and-tortoises/crittercam- seaturtles-missions-wcvin/ ptiles-animals/turtles-and-tortoises/crittercam- seaturtles-missions-wcvin/ ptiles-animals/turtles-and-tortoises/turtles-baby- predation/ ptiles-animals/turtles-and-tortoises/turtles-baby- predation/

Extinct Reptiles– The Dinosaurs Became extinct 65 million years ago Some dinosaurs might have been endotherms Earliest vertebrates that had legs positioned directly beneath their bodies