1. End Show Slide 1 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology

2. End Show Slide 2 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 31-1 Reptiles

3. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 3 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Is a Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes. These characteristics enable reptiles to live their entire lives out of water.

4. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 4 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Reptiles Reptiles were the first vertebrates that were not dependent on water for reproduction. The first reptile fossil dates back to the Carboniferous Period.

5. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 5 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Reptiles Dinosaurs During the late Triassic and Jurassic periods, a great adaptive radiation of reptiles took place. The Mesozoic Era is often called the Age of Reptiles.

6. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 6 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Reptiles Triassic Reptiles

7. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 7 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Reptiles All of dinosaurs belonged to one of two major groups: Ornithischia, or “bird-hipped” dinosaurs Saurischia, or “lizard-hipped” dinosaurs

8. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 8 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Reptiles Adaptations that have contributed to the success of reptiles on land are: well-developed lungs a double-loop circulatory system a water-conserving excretory system strong limbs internal fertilization shelled, terrestrial eggs

9. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 9 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Reptiles Body Temperature Control Reptiles are ectotherms. Ectotherms are animals that rely on behavior to control body temperature. To warm up, they bask in the sun or stay under water at night. To cool down, they move to the shade or take shelter in underground burrows.

10. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 10 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Reptiles Kidney Liver Heart Cloaca Bladder Lung Digestive tract

11. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 11 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Reptiles Reproduction Most reptiles are oviparous, laying eggs that develop outside the mother’s body. All reptiles reproduce by internal fertilization, in which the male deposits sperm inside the female’s cloaca.

12. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 12 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Reptiles The shell and membranes protect the embryo and prevent the egg from drying out. This type of egg, an amniotic egg, is one of the most important adaptations to life on land. An amniotic egg has four membranes—the amnion, the yolk sac, the chorion, and the allantois.

13. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 13 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles The four surviving groups of reptiles are: lizards and snakes crocodilians turtles and tortoises tuatara

14. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 14 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles Lizards Most lizards have four legs and clawed toes. Most lizards have external ears and movable eyelids. Some lizards have evolved into highly specialized forms.

15. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 15 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles Snakes Snakes have no legs. Snakes have immovable eyelids and no external ear openings. Snakes are efficient predators.

16. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 16 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles Crocodilians Crocodilians have long, broad snouts and a squat appearance. They prey on animals such as fishes, deer, and even humans. Includes Crocodiles and Alligators

17. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 17 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles Turtles and Tortoises Turtles live in water. Tortoises live on land. A terrapin is a turtle that lives in water that is somewhat salty.

18. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 18 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles Turtles and tortoises have a two-part shell built into the skeleton: a dorsal part, or carapace a ventral part, or plastron The head, legs, and tail emerge from holes where the carapace and plastron join. Tortoises and most turtles pull into their shells for protection.

19. End Show 31-1 Reptiles Slide 19 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Reptiles Tuataras Tuataras are found only on a few islands off New Zealand. They lack external ears and retain primitive scales. They have a “third eye,” which is part of a complex organ located on top of the brain.

20. End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 20 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 31-1

21. End Show Slide 21 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 31-1 Most reptiles reproduce with a.external fertilization and external development. b.internal fertilization and internal development. c.internal fertilization and external development in water. d.internal fertilization and external development in shelled eggs.

22. End Show Slide 22 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 31-1 The yolk sac of a reptile egg functions as a a.membrane that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide for the embryo. b.membrane that stores wastes produced by the embryo. c.source of nutrient-rich food for the developing embryo. d.shock-absorbing fluid-filled sac protecting the embryo.

23. End Show Slide 23 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 31-1 Reptiles are a.ectotherms. b.endotherms.

24. End Show Slide 24 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 31-1 The two parts of a turtle or tortoise's shell are the a.terrapin and plastron. b.carapace and plastron. c.carapace and terrapin. d.terrapin and carapace.

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