1. Chordates

2. ◊What is a chordate? 1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate) 2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm ◊What is a chordate? 1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate) 2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm

3. Chordates ◊Endotherm (warmblooded) Has a stable body temperature ◊Ectotherm (coldblooded) Can change body temperature due to the environment ◊Endotherm (warmblooded) Has a stable body temperature ◊Ectotherm (coldblooded) Can change body temperature due to the environment

4. Chordates ◊5 Major Catagories of Chordates Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals ◊5 Major Catagories of Chordates Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

5. Amphibians ◊Amphibian- means “double life” Why? ◊After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs) ◊Amphibian- means “double life” Why? ◊After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs)

6. ◊http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vid eo/player/animals/amphibians- animals/frogs-and- toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html

7. Amphibians ◊3 types/orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders and newts), and Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless amphibians that resemble snakes) ◊3 types/orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders and newts), and Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless amphibians that resemble snakes)

8. Amphibians ◊What’s the difference between a frog and a toad? 1. Many toads have lumps behind their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked. 2. Skin- ◊Frogs are moist and smooth ◊Toads are dry and bumpy ◊What’s the difference between a frog and a toad? 1. Many toads have lumps behind their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked. 2. Skin- ◊Frogs are moist and smooth ◊Toads are dry and bumpy

9. Frog Dissection ◊What are the rules of lab? ◊How should we behave? ◊http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/vir tual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html ◊What are the rules of lab? ◊How should we behave? ◊http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/vir tual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html

10. Frog Dissection- Mouth

13. Reptiles ◊An ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin. ◊Major Groups: Lizards Snakes Turtles Alligators Crocodiles ◊An ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin. ◊Major Groups: Lizards Snakes Turtles Alligators Crocodiles

14. Reptiles ◊Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales. Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies. ◊Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales. Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies.

15. Reptiles ◊Lizards and snakes shed their skin. ◊All snakes are carnivores but not all lizards are. ◊Turtles have a shell made from their ribs and backbone. ◊Lizards and snakes shed their skin. ◊All snakes are carnivores but not all lizards are. ◊Turtles have a shell made from their ribs and backbone.

16. Reptiles ◊What is the difference between an alligator and a croc? Alligators have broad, rounded snouts, with only a few teeth visible. Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and you can see most of their teeth. ◊What is the difference between an alligator and a croc? Alligators have broad, rounded snouts, with only a few teeth visible. Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and you can see most of their teeth.

17. Birds ◊Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs. ◊The rule is: If it has feathers, it’s a bird. ◊Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs. ◊The rule is: If it has feathers, it’s a bird.

18. Birds ◊Feathers: Contour: one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body. Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail. Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm. ◊Feathers: Contour: one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body. Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail. Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm.

19. Birds ◊Feed Capture, grip and handle food, birds use their bills. Bills specify per species Internal storage tank called a crop Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard performs the grinding function ◊Feed Capture, grip and handle food, birds use their bills. Bills specify per species Internal storage tank called a crop Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard performs the grinding function

20. Birds ◊Adaptations for Flight 4 chambered heart Highly efficient respiratory system Lightweight bones with air spaces ◊Adaptations for Flight 4 chambered heart Highly efficient respiratory system Lightweight bones with air spaces

21. Mammals ◊All mammals are endothermic vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.

22. Mammals ◊All mammals have …. ◊1. Hair or fur ◊2. Mammary glands (feed with milk) ◊3. Distinctive teeth ◊4. Highly developed brain ◊ 5. Extended care for the young ◊All mammals have …. ◊1. Hair or fur ◊2. Mammary glands (feed with milk) ◊3. Distinctive teeth ◊4. Highly developed brain ◊ 5. Extended care for the young

23. Mammals ◊Three groups of mammals Monotremes Marsupials Placental mammals ◊T◊Three groups of mammals Monotremes Marsupials Placental mammals

24. Mammals ◊Monotremes Mammals that lay eggs Two species: ◊Spiny anteaters ◊Duck-billed platypuses ◊Monotremes Mammals that lay eggs Two species: ◊Spiny anteaters ◊Duck-billed platypuses

25. Mammals ◊Marsupials Young born alive at an early stage, but continue to develop in a pouch Examples: ◊Kangaroos ◊Koalas ◊Wallabies ◊opossums ◊Marsupials Young born alive at an early stage, but continue to develop in a pouch Examples: ◊Kangaroos ◊Koalas ◊Wallabies ◊opossums

26. Mammals ◊Placental Mammals Develop inside a mother’s body until its body system can function independently. Examples: ◊Insect-eaters ◊Flying mammals ◊Primates ◊Rodents ◊Rabbits/hares ◊Marine mammals ◊Hoofed mammals ◊Placental Mammals Develop inside a mother’s body until its body system can function independently. Examples: ◊Insect-eaters ◊Flying mammals ◊Primates ◊Rodents ◊Rabbits/hares ◊Marine mammals ◊Hoofed mammals