Kingdom Animalia

What’s an Animal? Eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophs without cells walls. This includes a HUGE number of organisms you may not think of as animals (over 1 million species!) The largest group of animals are the insects, and there may be 1 million species of beetles alone…

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera: the sponges

Phylum Porifera Sessile filter feeders (living water filters) No true tissues or organs. No body symmetry Spicules composed of minerals, and/or the protein “spongin” provide skeletal support. Most are Monoecious (produce male and female gametes in one individual)

Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, corals)

PHYLUM CNIDARIA “cnide” means nettle or stinger- most of the 9000 species have stinging nematocysts. found primarily in the sea, except for a few freshwater jellyfish… Radial symmetry (5-fold) Two tissue layers: (“diploblastic”) Two body plans: polyp (sessile) and medusa (motile)

Phylum Platyhelminthes

The flatworms They are triploblastic and have bilateral symmetry no body cavity (acoelomate) These animals are the first to exhibit a head. Many flatworms are parasites of chordates (fish, reptiles, mammals, etc..) These are the tapeworms and flukes

Phylum Nematoda – The Roundworms

Phylum Nematoda Bilateral symmetry and some head development. Cylindrical and smooth bodies with a pseudocoelom. Many are also parasites of vertebrates.

Phylum Mollusca clams, mussels, snails, slugs, octopuses, squid

Mollusc features Most have obvious heads and clear bilateral symmetry and a true coelom. Contains the most intelligent (by far) group of invertebrates- the cephalopods: octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes Most have a shell, mantle and foot Most numerous group are the ‘gastropods’- the snails and slugs

Phylum Annelida The segmented worms

Annelid Features Earth’s most advanced worms; ~15,000 species All have a body cavity like yours Segmentation means that parts like hearts and muscle groups repeat in series down the body. Most have hairs Similar nervous system to insects Heads highly specialized

Phylum Echinodermata (starfish, brittlestars, sea urchins, sand dollars, etc.)

Phylum Echinodermata Name means “spiny skin” Spiky marine animals, ~7000 species Diverged from same line of animals that produced chordates Modern echinoderms are mainly motile All are triploblastic radial symmetry

The Arthropods Crabs, shrimp, insects, spiders, ticks, copepods, etc…

Phylum Arthropoda More animals belong to this group than to all others combined. ~900,000 known. Well-developed organ systems, and segmented as in annelids Exoskeleton jointed at body segments and limbs Appendages paired and diverse for a huge variety of functions.

The Chordates (vertebrates and their relatives)

Phylum Chordata Our phylum, along with fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Vertebrate Chordates have: Bilateral symmetry and a coelom A backbone of vertebrae Skeletons of internal bone or cartilage Large brains and a dorsal nerve cord Tetrapod vertebrates (reptiles, mammals and birds) have: Amniotic eggs or the mammal equivalent Dry skin with scales, hair or feathers Limbs for walking on land