– Ashikaga shogun Power to local landed aristocracy, daimyo Onin War ( ) – Destruction of central authority – Economic and Social Structures Noble control of land, wealth in agriculture Commerce slow to develop Trade and manufacturing developed more rapidly in Kamakura period and the Ashikaga shogunate – Daily life Most were peasants who worked the land owned by the lord – Under the authority of local officials – Dispose of harvest as they saw fit after taxes paid » Genin, landless laborers » eta, hereditary slaves » shoen, several villages

– Women in Japan » Had rights in early Japan » When introduced Buddhism relegated women to a subordinate position » Nevertheless, played a role in all levels of society – In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan – Shinto » Kami » Physical purity » Nature and beauty » Shrines – Buddhism, 6th century B.C.E. » Jodo, Pure land » Zen » Satori, enlightenment » Zazen, scripture study and self-discipline

– Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture – Blend indigenous and imported elements Literature – Adapted Chinese writing system – Poetry and prose » Haiku » Women prolific writers of prose – No, drama Art and Architecture – Hand scrolls – Muramachi era – Zen Buddhism – Landscape – Tea ceremony

Japan, China, and Korea, The Korean state was controlled by North China by the early third century B.C.E. Korea remained colonized until the fourth century when the Chinese were expelled in the fourth century. Three native kingdoms were formed: Koguryo in the north, Paekche in the southwest, and Silla in the southeast. Chinese influences, however, continued as repeated waves of Chinese refugees from the Han dynasty poured into Korea. The expansion of Koguryo and consolidation of Paekche brought the two to almost three centuries of war. In the sixth century Silla allied with Paekche and then turned on its ally. The reunification of China by the Sui dynasty was followed by an attack on Koguryo in 598, and then three more expeditions in All ended in disaster and contributed to the collapse of the Sui. The successor Tang dynasty had no better luck in 644 and 659. In 660 with the aid of Silla, Paekche was destroyed. Three years later a Japanese expedition to aid Paekche was repulsed. Meanwhile the Tang and Silla attacked Koguryo and brought it to an end in 668. Within a decade the Tang forces were expelled by the Silla from most of Korea and the land was unified. Silla became a tributary to the Tang but remained autonomous. By the middle of the eighth century, unification began to disintegrate. In 780 after more than a decade of revolts, the Silla king was assassinated and over the next century and a half a series of briefly reigning kings assumed the throne. 2. By the fifth century the Yamato state had established itself in central Honshu and conquered the southern island of Kyushu and Kanto east of the Yamato plain. A foothold had also been established in Korea that probably facilitated the movement of people from Korea to Japan until the early ninth century. The Japanese hold in South Korea was eliminated in 562. The result of this contact was the penetration of Chinese and Buddhist ideas into Japan. 3. Prince Shotoku Taishi ( ) renewed establishing embassies with China beginning in 607. Another was sent in 608 and 614. The last was dispatched in 838. The purpose of these were to establish diplomatic relations, maintain trade, and provide a source of cultural acquisition. Questions: 1. How was Korea unified? What was the role of China? 2. What kind of cultural contacts were there between Japan and Korea? Japan, China, and Korea, The Korean state was controlled by North China by the early third century B.C.E. Korea remained colonized until the fourth century when the Chinese were expelled in the fourth century. Three native kingdoms were formed: Koguryo in the north, Paekche in the southwest, and Silla in the southeast. Chinese influences, however, continued as repeated waves of Chinese refugees from the Han dynasty poured into Korea. The expansion of Koguryo and consolidation of Paekche brought the two to almost three centuries of war. In the sixth century Silla allied with Paekche and then turned on its ally. The reunification of China by the Sui dynasty was followed by an attack on Koguryo in 598, and then three more expeditions in All ended in disaster and contributed to the collapse of the Sui. The successor Tang dynasty had no better luck in 644 and 659. In 660 with the aid of Silla, Paekche was destroyed. Three years later a Japanese expedition to aid Paekche was repulsed. Meanwhile the Tang and Silla attacked Koguryo and brought it to an end in 668. Within a decade the Tang forces were expelled by the Silla from most of Korea and the land was unified. Silla became a tributary to the Tang but remained autonomous. By the middle of the eighth century, unification began to disintegrate. In 780 after more than a decade of revolts, the Silla king was assassinated and over the next century and a half a series of briefly reigning kings assumed the throne. 2. By the fifth century the Yamato state had established itself in central Honshu and conquered the southern island of Kyushu and Kanto east of the Yamato plain. A foothold had also been established in Korea that probably facilitated the movement of people from Korea to Japan until the early ninth century. The Japanese hold in South Korea was eliminated in 562. The result of this contact was the penetration of Chinese and Buddhist ideas into Japan. 3. Prince Shotoku Taishi ( ) renewed establishing embassies with China beginning in 607. Another was sent in 608 and 614. The last was dispatched in 838. The purpose of these were to establish diplomatic relations, maintain trade, and provide a source of cultural acquisition. Questions: 1. How was Korea unified? What was the role of China? 2. What kind of cultural contacts were there between Japan and Korea?

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– Japan and the Chinese Model Consequences of isolation – Lack of knowledge form the outside delayed the process of change – Spared destructive invasions Decentralized political forces remained dominant Korea Bridge to the East – Farming began about 2000 B.C.E. – Chinese influence and rule Three Kingdoms (4th-7th centuries) – Koguryo -- influenced by China, Buddhism, and Confucianism – Paekche – Silla -- dominant power

Unification – Koryo dynasty – Social structure – Buddhism Under the Mongols – Corvée labor – Yi dynasty, 1392 Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon – Irrigated agriculture in area of the Red River – Trung Sisters Revolt, 39 C.E. The Rise of Great Viet – Expansion » Champa » March to the south » Repeated attacks by China

– The Chinese Legacy Following the Confucian model – Vietnamese monarch was the symbol and defender of Vietnamese independence – Control aristocratic families by using civil service exams – Ministers and censors Spread of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism Borrowed from Chinese for literature – Society and Family Life Peasant masses Growing emphasis on male domination Strong tradition of heroic women W