Unit 3 Section 3 Part 6

A. A Slow Start for the Allies  Pearl Harbor had been a success for Japan  Limited U.S. ability to strike back  Provided a national boost to Japan  For Americans, Pearl Harbor was an emotional boost to fight back  1. Japanese Advances After Pearl Harbor, Japan won a quick string of victories Guam, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, Burma Allies stunned by rapid advance Japanese had excellent technology and were highly skilled and trained

 2. The Philippines Next, the Japanese moved to take the Philippines U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur in charge of defense there MacArthur no match for the Japanese MacArthur forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula MacArthur urged leaders to send them supply ships, but war planners decided it was too risky March, 1942, MacArthur was ordered to leave his men He did so reluctantly, but promised to return Within a month the Japanese had captured his men

For 5 days and nights Japanese forced the P.O.W.’s to march through hot, dense jungles Those who stopped, were beaten or shot Japanese provided them little food or water Called the Bataan Death March Those who survived often died in P.O.W. camps

B. Fortunes Shift  Loss of the Philippines was difficult for U.S.  April, 18, 1942 Army forces led by Col. James Doolittle led 16 American bombers on an attack of Tokyo  Called the Doolittle Raid  The attack did little damage, but had some good effects  1) Gave U.S. something to celebrate  2) Worried Japan about future attacks and clouded their judgment throughout the war

 1. The Battle of the Coral Sea May 1942, Admiral Chester Nimitz sent two aircraft carriers to attack Japanese Japanese trying to invade New Guinea Both Japanese and U.S. suffered heavy damages, but for the 1 st time, Japan was halted  2. The Battle of Midway Japan wanted to lure the Americans into a naval battle They planned to do this by attacking the U.S. Midway Island The U.S. broke a Japanese code and learned of the attacks When the Japanese attacked, U.S. forces were waiting U.S. destroyed 4 of their aircraft carriers

 3. The Allies Press On Guadalcanal marked the beginning of Japanese retreat Allies focused on Japanese weak points, and took those 1 st U.S. hopped from island to island taking back territory Navajo Code Talkers played a significant role Used to pass coded messages btwn U.S. forces Japanese never able to figure out codes

C. The Allies Make Progress  Battle of Midway made established U.S. naval superiority in the Pacific  Now, the U.S. are going to take back the Pacific  1. Guadalcanal U.S. planned to take the Solomon Islands to prevent Japan from invading Australia Key goal in the Solomon Islands was taking Guadalcanal U.S. invaded August 1942 Six months of bloody fighting February, 1943, Japanese fled

 3. Back to the Philippines 1944, MacArthur was ready to go back to the Philippines 1 st battle, Battle of Layte Gulf ○ Largest naval battle ever fought ○ U.S. ships outnumber Japanese ○ Japanese resort to Kamikaze October 1944, MacArthur invades land After many months, and ruthless attacks, U.S. take back Philippines

 4. Iwo Jima and Okinawa 1944, U.S. new B-29 Bombers began bombing Tokyo and other cities U.S. needs a closer base to launch air strikes from They plan to take Iwo Jima U.S. invades in 1945, but fighting was extremely difficult Japanese hiding in fortified caves U.S. thought falsely that taking Mount Suribachi would end it 7,000 U.S. soldiers died at the battle, 20,000 Japanese Most of the Japanese fought to the death

Next target was Okinawa Bloodiest battle of the war Intense Japanese fighting causes U.S. to have 2 nd thoughts about invading Japan Other methods of forcing a Japanese surrender began to be examined