1. Learning Targets 1.Describe the fighting in the Pacific. 2.Create pictures to represent the main strategies/beliefs of the U.S. and Japanese - island hopping, Kamikaze and bushido. 3.Decide which front would be harder for American soldiers and defend that choice.

3. Thinking about the geography, how will the Pacific Front be different than the European front? Explain.

4. By 1942, Japan had won Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, parts of China, Indonesia, Guam, Wake Island and 3,000 miles of water with islands in the Pacific. These attacks were simultaneous with Pearl Harbor.

5. Dec.-April 1942: Philippines Allies outnumbered, so surrendered and MacArthur ordered to leave 36,000 U.S./Filipino as. 200,000 Japanese 5 months MacArthur “I shall return.” Bataan Death March 78,000 marched 65 miles ¼ died

6. Apr.1942: Doolittle Raid Air attack on Tokyo with little gain, but raises U.S. morale Light B-52 taking off of Aircraft carrier 16 bombers 8 deaths

7. May 1942: Battle of Coral Sea Broken code leads to carrier-based plane fighting ONLY Stopped Japan

8. Think, Pair, Share Predict: Why do you think the Doolittle Raid was authorized by the military? Decide: Why might it be important to control the Coral Sea, water by our ally, Australia?

9. June 1942: Battle of Midway Broken code allows U.S. to ambush Japanese fleet Huge losses for Japanese so now on defensive Japanese Losses 5 aircraft carriers (1/4 of entire fleet) 2 cruisers 3 destroyers 322 planes (280 on carriers) 3057 Japanese sailors US Losses 362 U.S. sailors

10. Island-Hopping 3,000 m. of water with hundreds of islands heavily defended before Japan MacArthur = "leapfrog" across attacking important islands ONLY, while Allies bomb others Learned from Tarawa where 1 in 3 marines General MacArthur

11. Guadalcanal Begins island hopping &marines experience jungle warfare Japan retreats 6 mths. of fighting

12. Oct.-July 1945: Battle of Leyte Gulf U.S. takes back Philippines w/ naval and land battle ”Kamikaze" (suicide) pilots 1 st used by Japanese Largest Naval battle in history 174,000 Soldiers in 738 ships “I have returned.” MacArthur Crushed Japanese fleet (lost 4 carriers, 13 cruisers, 400 planes) 80,000 dead, only 1,000 surrender

13. Drawing Journal Response 1. Draw the U.S. strategy of island hopping to help you remember our strategy. 2. Draw an image to illustrate the Japanese strategy of kamikaze pilots. 3. Discuss: How do you think American soldiers will respond to the Japanese tactic of Kamikaze pilots?

14. Iwo Jima Wanted for base to bomb Tokyo; heavily defended Bushido style of fighting -no surrender 74 days of bombings 60,000 marines vs. 23,000 21,000 died only 200 were taken prisoner 750 miles from Tokyo

15. April 1945: Okinawa wanted base for invasion of Japan (350 m) little to no surrender, but still Allied win 1,500 kamikaze pilots Japanese lost 100,000, U.S. losses 12,000

16. 1945: Tokyo Firebombing killed many civilians; destroyed 1/2 of Tokyo No surrender as had to be “unconditional” 80,000 civilians, 250,000 buildings Used in 67 cities

17. Large Group Discussion 1.Describe: Describe bushido. 2. Explain: How did Japanese belief in bushido affect fighting on the Pacific Front? 3. Defend: Which front do you think will be most difficult for American soldiers - the Pacific or the European Front? Explain.

18. Navajo Code Talkers When the United States broke the Japanese code, it gave us a big advantage in the fighting in the Pacific. The U.S. code was never broken. 1.Read “The Navajo Code Talkers.” 2.Choose a partner. 3.Create a message using their code and practice decoding it together.