Do-Now (4/9 &4/10) TURN IN TAKE-HOME QUIZ What is Imperialism? If you do not know, what do you think is sounds like? (If you know what it means- explain whether or not you think it exists today) What do you think yellow journalism means? If you already know, do you think that it still exists today?
Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories. (many countries were already doing this, by the 1880s- we see the United States join in)
Yellow journalism- is a sensational style of writing, which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers Do we see this today?
Unit: Imperialism: The Spanish- American War - World War I Lecture #: 1 –b Ms. Seetin
RANDOM HISTORY FACT OF THE DAY Today is the 150 th anniversary of the event marking the end of the Civil War. What was that event!?
When: April 9 th, 1865 Who: Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union General Ulysses S. Grant Where: Appomattox Courthouse, Appomattox, VA Why: Robert E. Lee surrendered to discuss the terms Significance: marks the symbollic end of 4 years of bloodshed
Background Who was involved? Spain V. America Where was it? Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)
11 Why? Help give freedom to Spain’s colonies!
Overview :Causes of Spanish-American War American Sympathy towards Cuban Fight for Freedom against Spanish Rule “Butcher” Weyler forced 300,000 Cuban Rebels into concentration camps Monroe Doctrine – chance to get Spain out of Western Hemisphere Economic Interests – sugar plantations Yellow Journalism – American Press supported interference/ action in Cuba Spark: Sinking of the USS Maine
American Interest in Cuba The U.S. had long held an interest in Cuba (proximity to FL) Even tried to offer to buy Cuba from Spain When the Cubans revolted against Spain between 1868 and American sympathies went out to the Cuban people
War Fever Escalates Spain responds to the Cuban revolt be sending General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba to “restore order” Weyler tries to crush rebellion by herding rural population in concentration camps. Headline Wars: Weyler’s actions fueled a war over newspaper tycoons William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, who tried to grab readers with highly exaggerated stories and headlines. This sensational style of writing which exaggerates the to lure readers, became known as yellow journalism.
Yellow Journalism A type of journalism that distorts and exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers William Randolph Hearst vs Joseph Pulitzer. New York Journal New York World
Economic Interest- $$$ Many of Cuba’s sugar plantations were owned by Americans Protecting their economic interests Made Americans more likely to help out Cuba
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Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor In February, U.S.S. Maine explodes in harbor in Havana, Cuba. Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault “Spark” that started the war “Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!” became the mantra.
20 Slide Analysis: Headline of the Maine Explosion Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? 2/17/1898 New York World
1.What is most noticeable about the example? 2. How is this media making people feel? 3. How would this influence or change peoples mind?
Characteristics of Yellow Journalism Characteristics of Yellow Journalism: Headlines in huge print, often of minor news Many pictures, or imaginary drawings use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, and false information from so-called experts dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system. Emotional words and symbols; scare tactics
The War in the Philippines Spanish thought that the Americans would invade Cuba George Dewey gave the command to open fire on the Spanish fleet at Manila Within hours, Dewey’s men had destroyed every Spanish ship there. Dewey’s victory allowed U.S. troops to land in the Philippines.
Dewey’s victory at Manila showed the superiority of US Naval forces. In contrast, the army maintained only a small professional force, supplemented by a larger inexperienced and ill-prepared volunteer force.
The War in Cuba & The Rough Riders American forces landed in Cuba in June 1898 These forces included four African- American regiments of the regular army and the Rough Riders, a volunteer cavalry under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt.
Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
San Juan Hill Most dramatic battle took place in Cuba near Santiago on July 1. The first part of the battle featured a dramatic uphill charge by the Rough Riders and two African-American regiments (the Ninth and Tenth Cavalries). Their victory cleared the way for an infantry attack on he strategically important San Juan Hill.
The U.S. 10th Cavalry, made up of African Americans, became known as “buffalo soldiers.” They served with distinction in the capture of San Juan Hill. The Granger Collection, New York.
Treaty of Paris “Splendid little war” On December 10, 1898, the United States & Spain met in Paris to agree on a treaty. Spain freed Cuba Turned over the islands of Guam in the Pacific and Puerto Rico in the West Indies to the United States. Sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million
Important Events Sinking of the USS Maine Blamed on a the Spanish “sparks” the war Admiral Dewey – Surprise attack on the Spanish Fleet in Manila Harbor All Spanish Ships are Sunk Spanish Defeated in Battle of San Juan Hill T. Roosevelt led the “Rough Riders” to victory Spain signs Treat of Paris Ending the War
Effects of the Spanish American War US becomes an Imperialist Power Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines become colonies of the US Cuba gains its independence from Spain, but becomes a US Protectorate US will “protect” and partially control Cuba Philippine rebels wanting independence declare war on US
Which of the following is not a cause of the Spanish American War 1. Monroe Doctrine 2. Desire for economic opportunity 3. Sympathy for the Spanish 4. Sinking of the Battleship Maine 5. Yellow Journalism
3. Sympathy for the Spanish
Which of the following is not an effect of the Spanish American War? 1. US became an imperialistic power 2. Cuba became a US Protectorate 3. Filipino rebels declared war on the US 4. Spain’s declares a war on England
Spain’s declares a war on England
Which of the following defines Yellow Journalism 1. Factual, Unbiased news 2. Distorted or Exaggerated news 3. A type of news that no longer exists today 4. Proven news written by experts
Yellow Journalism is Distorted or Exaggerated news
Primary Source Reading From The Rough Riders by Theodore Roosevelt Set timer for 15 minutes