The Axis Powers Advance 29.2

I. The Axis Attacks A. September 1, 1939 = Nazi forces stormed Poland Blitzkrieg = “lightning war” w/use of modern land and air power B. Stages of Blitzkrieg = 1. Luftwaffe bombed major civilian/military/industrial targets 2. tanks and troop transporters surged into the remainder of the Polish army Forced a quick surrender with overwhelming force

II. The Soviets in Poland & The Baltics A. Attacked Poland from the East while Germany attacked from the West Acquiring land promised to them under the Nazi- Soviet Non-Agression Pact B. Stalin forced the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to serve as bases for the Soviet military

III. The “Phony War” A. French and British troops settled at the Maginot Line during winter of 1939 B. April 1940 = Hitler invades and conquers Norway and Denmark C. Hitler then proceeds to the Netherlands and Belgium

The Maginot Line

IV. Miracle of Dunkirk A. May 1940 = German forces penetrate the Maginot line and pour into France and Belgium B. British troops retreat and become trapped b/w English Channel & Nazi troops C. Britain sends all available vessels to beaches of Dunkirk and Ostend Ferried over 300,000 troops to safety Effect: Raises British morale ube.com/watch ?v=SSoDLfQKh GI

V. France Falls A. German forces advance south toward Paris after bypassing Maginot Line B. France surrenders on June 22, 1940 C. Hitler forces French to sign surrender documents in same rail car that Germany signed armistice ending WWI D. Post-Surrender: Germany occupied Northern France Set up a “puppet state” in Southern France, capital at Vichy E. Some French officers escaped to England Set up a government in exile Led by Charles de Gaulle, “Free French” worked to liberate France om/watch? v=0elb5ke susU&feat ure=relate d

VI. Operation Sea Lion and Battle of Britain A. After French surrender, Britain stands alone in Western Europe B. Hitler was sure Britain would pursue peace but… Winston Churchill had replaced Chamberlain as Prime Minister C. Hitler made plans to invade Britain (Operation Sea Lion) 1 st = launched huge air attacks Targeted both Civilian and Military targets D. Germany launches the Blitz (Sept. 7, 1940) Bombed London for 57 straight nights Churchill refused to surrender and Britain survived

Winston Churchill

VII. Hitler Fails to Take Britain/Axis Powers in the Balkans and Africa A. Failed to gain air superiority over the British Royal Air Force (RAF) B. September 1940 = Mussolini orders troops from Libya into Egypt Hitler sends General Erwin Rommel after Italians are beaten by the British in Egypt October 1940 = Italian forces invade Greece 1941 = Greece and Yugoslavia both become part of Axis Powers Bulgaria and Hungary join Axis alliance in 1941

Germany Invades Soviet Union WHY????? ube.com/watch ?v=lhlDMYAGo Mo OPERATION BARBAROSSA

Ok, So YOU TELL ME WHY! - Natural Resources: oil,timber,crops - Hatred of Communism: - Hatred of Stalin

Unleashes Blitz on U.S.S.R. May of 1940 Catch Stalin unprepared 3 million soldiers invade Overly optimistic Soviets use the old “retreat and burn”. Germans face harsh winter. Forced to lay “siege” to Leningrad. 2.5 years! Stalin appeals to Churchill. Churchill can only help so much! Hitler’s forces are now split and scattered! Allies take advantage in the South and East utube.com/w atch?v=lhlDM YAGoMo

Life Under Nazi Occupation We will be undertaking a Web Quest tomorrow in the lab. Please be advised. Some images you will see will be quite disturbing. Please see text for what life was like under Japanese rule. Chapter 29.2

Japan: Attacks the United States. Now… It truly is a World War. But first… back to Europe!

Lend –Lease Act Britain runs out of money France is occupied by the Germans FDR proposes lending or leasing arms to “ any country whose defense was vital to the U.S. The only sensible thing to do. Agree? Disagree? Remember: U.S. was neutral!

Lend Lease supports Stalin! “The enemy of my enemy is my friend!” FDR sends aid to Soviet Russia. Why did Stalin need aid?

FDR Plans for War Atlantic Charter : FDR and Winston Churchill make a secret agreement to: collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation and freedom of the seas. - FDR also pledges to do “everything” to “force an incident”. What does he mean by this? (Atlantic Charter becomes the basis for the U.N.)

Japan’s Ambition in the Pacific (Oh yeah… back to the Pacific!) Already controlled Manchuria in China Japan begins “island hopping” BC7681A71EC34&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=16 BC7681A71EC34&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=16

Pearl Harbor: Hrmo&feature=fvw Hrmo&feature=fvw

U.S. Declares War on Japan. Hitler and Mussolini Declare War on U.S. 4 days later. (Hitler calls U.S. “Zionist State”) Japan goes on a conquest spree!!

The Pacific Front Soon after Pearl Harbor, Japan hits American airfields in Philippines. Takes islands of Guam, Wake, and Hong Kong Invade Thailand and Malaya. However… that is another chapter!