CHALLENGES OF THE NEW REPUBLIC: SLAVERY ISSUE Mr. Lee -Unit 2 – Day 8

Brainstorm  In your notes  Create a T-chart with differences between the North and the South  Using Cards, we will share out NorthSouth

We got the land now what?  What was the main controversy about the newly acquired territories?

Questions to Answer:  John C. Calhoun believed in nullification and secession. In your own words define:  nullification  secession  What were the Major Contributions of Henry Clay?  The Compromise of 1850 included the Fugitive Slave Act. What did the Fugitive Slave Act require citizens to do?  What was the Underground Railroad? Who was its most famous Conductor?

3/5ths Compromise  Made to ratify Constitution  “all other people” counted as 3/5 of 1 person for representation purposes  Never dealt with the question of slavery.

…and it’s still coming up. Missouri Added as a Slave State Maine added as a Free State Both = at 11 No Slave states North of 36 parallel in Louisiana Territory The Missouri Compromise of 1820

John C. Calhoun  South Carolinian  Pro-States Rights  Pro-Slavery  Saw Tariff of 1828 as threatening to his state  Nullify- not to honor a national law

South Carolina  US tariffs placed on imports, made SC’s raw materials less valuable.  Choose not to honor tariffs (nullify federal law)  Secession- the idea that states could withdraw from union because they joined voluntarily.

Jackson and Calhoun  President Jackson sends US Military down to South Carolina to enforce tariffs.  South Carolina backs down  Pretext to coming civil war

Thars GOLD in them Thar Hills! California asks to me admitted to the Union as a free (non-slave state) This would upset the balance of free and slave states What to do?

Henry Clay to the rescue!  The “Great Compromisor”  Architect of  Missouri Compromise of 1820  Compromise of 1850  California enters as a free state  A Stronger Fugitive Slave Law created

Compromise of 1850  California Added as Free State  UT/NM popular sovereignty  Popular sovereignty- letting states decide if they would be free or slave states

The Fugitive Slave Act  Added to Compromise of 1850  Required that private citizens apprehend slaves  Very unpopular with Abolitionists and freed blacks.

Underground Railroad  Secret Group of Conductors who would move escaped slaves from the south to the north  Harriett Tubman most famous conductor- “Black Moses”

Kansas/Nebraska Act of 1854  Stephen Douglas  Expanded “popular sovereignty” into Kansas and Nebraska territories  Bleeding Kansas

Exit Ticket  John C. Calhoun believed in nullification and secession. In your own words define:  nullification  secession  What were the Major Contributions of Henry Clay?  The Compromise of 1850 included the Fugitive Slave Act. What did the Fugitive Slave Act require citizens to do?  What was the Underground Railroad? Who was its most famous Conductor?

Table Missouri Compromise Nullification Crisis Compromise of 1850 Kansas- Nebraska Act Year Important PeopleHenry Clay North got South got Slavery in New Territories N/APopular Sovereignty in Utah, New Mexico