DateSession #ActivityPage Bacteria 1 Antibiotic Resistance 2 Reproductive Potential of Bacteria 3 Patient Zero 4 Contact History 5 Virus 6 How do… 7 Fungus 8 Parasite 9 Vectors 10

8.L.1 Understand the structure and hazards caused by agents of disease that effect living organisms. 8.L.1.1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease.

BACTERIA p1 Structure Spread Treatment Prevention

Bacteria Structure Prokaryotic (no membrane enclosed nucleus) One chromosome Can live in variety of areas (hot, cold, acid, salty) Reproduce through binary fission (~mitosis) Can create endospores when conditions are rough

Bacteria Spread through… contaminated water (cholera and typhoid fever) food (botulism, E coli & salmonella food poisoning) air, when infected people sneeze or cough (tuberculosis-TB) animals (anthrax, cat scratch disease) touching infected people (strep throat) Harmless in one part of the body, they can be moved to another part and cause illness (E coli).

Treatment of bacterial disease…. Antibiotics – Prevents cell wall formation – Disrupts the proper functions of the bacterial cell Disinfectants – kills cell wall and membrane – Ex..Lysol, bleach Materials that Inhibit growth – Soap Pasteurization: kills the bacteria, but endospores may still survive if not done properly UV radiation: destroy or mutate the genetic material

Prevention of bacterial disease Hygiene Properly cooking food Immunization

Antibiotic resistance p2 Occurs when bacteria naturally mutate and are resistant to the affects of an antibiotic Improper use of antibiotics (not completing entire prescription, taking them when not needed) puts bacteria evolution on fast forward. We provide more opportunities for beneficial mutations and population growth Bacteria compete for space and food. Killing the weaker bacteria allows the stronger more space and food.

video Add two facts from the video to your notes

Reproductive Potential of Bacteria p3 Someone at your family picnic has left the potato salad out….a type of bacteria in the salad reproduces in favorable conditions every 20 minutes……. Someone put the potato salad in the fridge In these unfavorable conditions it reproduces every 60 minutes…… Bacterial reproduction is exponential because it doubles its population with every generation. Chilling food slows bacterial growth, but it doesn’t stop it

Patient Zero p4 Me1 st Exchange2 nd Exchange3 rd Exchange Positive for Virus1 st Exchange2 nd Exchange3 rd Exchange Class Data

What is your 24 hour contact history? p5 Me

What is your 24 hour contact history? Me Add squares for contact with animals

VIRUS p6 Characteristics Spread Treatment Prevention

Virus structure Contain DNA or RNA Have a protective protein coat Are not living Operate in a host cell, viruses cannot carry out life-sustaining functions or reproduce without a host Viruses cannot generate or store energy, are not producers or consumers. Viruses are cannot survive without living organisms Viral diseases are the most widespread illnesses in humans Hijackers…they use the cell’s processes and organelles to create more virus, eventually killing the cell.

Spread of viral diseases Airborne: carried in a water droplet via a sneeze or cough (chicken pox, measles, influenza, small pox…) Waterborne: spread when contaminated water is drank or food has been prepared with contaminated water (hepatitis A, gastroenteritis) Animals: person or animal is bitten and virus enters the wound (rabies, west nile, St. Louis encephalitis) Food-borne: infections are probably contracted by person-to-person contact, most probably via fecal soiled hand to mouth (hepatitis A, gastroenteritis)

Viral Invasion YouTube – Flu Attack! How a virus invades Add two pieces of new information from the video to your notes GShQ GShQ

Treatment of Viral Diseases There is a big difference between bacteria & viruses Antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but they are not effective against viruses. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine whether bacteria or a virus is causing your symptoms. Many ailments – such as pneumonia, meningitis and diarrhea –can be caused by either type of microbe. Some viral illnesses can be treated with anti-viral medications (flu, shingles) Usually you must remain hydrated and treat the symptoms while your body’s immune system combats the disease.

Prevent the spread of a virus Get vaccinated What is a vaccine? A salt combined with a weakened or small part of the virus is injected into your muscle tissue, damaging the tissue and causing an immune response. Once antibodies reach the injured site, the virus is “noticed” and a full blown immune response to the virus occurs. You create antibodies against the virus. If you are infected with the same virus in the future, you will not become ill, your body already has antibodies against it.

Prevent the spread of a virus Get vaccinated Isolation of the sick Global monitoring

P7 I’m Sick, so what’s the difference? How do …… 1 Venn diagram…compare and contrast bacteria and viruses

How……2 How is a disease causing virus similar to a computer virus? Takepart.com/contagion

How do……3 …….vaccines protect an individual? …….vaccines protect society?

Fungi Characteristics Spread Treatment Prevention

Fungi Characteristics p8 Thrush and ringworm are fungal infections…bo th are parasitic Eukaryotic (nucleus) Reproduce sexually and asexually (spores) Fungi get nutrients by secreting enzymes that break down food outside the organism then absorbing it 3 ways fungi get food: – Decomposing dead organisms – Parasitic..decomposing tissues of live organisms – Symbiotic with another organism Prefer dark, moist environments

Spread of fungal diseases Airborne: spores easily spread through the air..inhalation Cryptococcus, valley fever and black toxic mold infect humans through airborne spores. These fungi can cause severe allergies, lung damage or systemic illness Moist surfaces: athlete’s foot fungus can be contracted through contact between moist, infected surfaces and the skin Physical Contact: fungal infections can easily spread from one person to another through contact Food-borne: eating moldy food can cause nausea and vomiting, it may also cause an allergic reaction. THIS IS NOT FOOD POISONING.

Valley fever 78&playnext=1&list=PL1B &fea ture=results_main

Treatment of Fungal Diseases Anti fungal medications.. Resistance to fungal medications is increasing.

Prevent the spread of fungal disease Good Hygiene: keeping your skin clean and dry Control moisture in living areas Proper air filtration Protection from contaminated surfaces (shower shoes…..)

Parasites p9 Characteristics Spread Treatment Prevention

Parasite Characteristics A parasite is an organism that feeds on another individual, known as the host. They either live on or in their host’s body. Weaken their host, but usually do not kill it Are specialized physically to attach and survive in their host. Can cause disease

Spread of parasitic disease Contact with a vector carrying the disease Ingestion of the parasite Parasites can enter through wounds or vulnerable areas of the body…..nose, mouth, insect bite, open wound

Treatment of parasitic diseases Some specialized medications and some antibiotics work against parasitic infections

Prevention of parasitic diseases Good Hygiene (sometimes) – Insect and rodent control – Farm and wild animal feces – Parasite control in pets – Testing of local waters – Wash your hands – Proper clothing for high risk areas. (long pants, shoes, hats) Environmental controls: insecticide Properly cook food and do not drink untreated water.

What is a VECTOR?? p10 Some disease agents are transmitted by a vector. A vector is an organism that acts as a “middle man.” The vector is required to transmit the disease from one host to another…you cannot catch a vector transmitted disease from an infected person, it must be transmitted to you through the vector bA

Vectors Number one problem: mosquitoes then….. Ticks Fleas Biting Flies Leaches Rodents

Dengue Fever West Nile virus Malaria Yellow Fever Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Lyme disease