CHAPTER 4 The Expansion of Colonial British America, Web

Intellectual Trends in the 18th Century Enlightenment comes to England via the ideas of Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke Education in colonies slowly gains in importance, and Harvard is established Scientific study increases in America Ben Franklin John Bartram Cadwallader Colden Practice of medicine evolves, with men dominating the field and relegating women to midwifery

The Great Awakening Middle Colonies become religiously diverse English preachers bring Great Awakening to America during 1720s to 1760s Gilbert and John Tennent Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield Revivals lead to breakup of some congregations, challenges to governmental authority, and establishment of more colleges

Government and Religion in the British Colonies, 1720

Cultural Diversity and Expansion After 1683, 100,000 Germans migrated to America Large numbers of Scots-Irish immigrated in 1700s, settling in frontiers areas Georgia is founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 Colony serves as haven for debtors and as buffer zone between British and Spanish Rising African American population influences society in many ways Stono Rebellion Native Americans face new onslaught from ministers and settlers

German and Scots-Irish Immigrants c ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

African American Population c ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Wars for Empire European wars bleed over into America Oglethorpe attempted to expel Spanish from Florida in the War of Jenkins’ Ear Colonists help Britain defeat France in King George’s War The British return the captured fort of Louisburg, and British naval impressments in war created rift with colonies

North America in 1750 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Seven Years War In the Seven Years’ War, the French and Native Allies fought the British and colonists for control of Ohio Valley The War initially went well for France, the tide turning when William Pitt took over war effort Treaty of Paris (1763) ends war Continued Native American resistance leads to Proclamation of 1763, prohibiting British settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

Seven Years’ War in North America ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

The British Provinces in 1763 Colonists experience “consumer revolution” after war Smuggling leads to greater British attention Woolen Act(1699), Hat Act(1732), and Molasses Act (1733) Political situations become more complex, and tensions increase between colonists and Parliament

Growth of Population to 1760 Web

Discussion Questions How did Enlightenment thinking affect the colonies in the 1700s? Examine the causes and effects of the Great Awakening on the colonies. Explain how the Seven Years War changed the relationship of Britain with the Americans. What restrictions did Britain try and place upon the colonies? How did these changes alter colonial thinking and loyalty?