Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Advanced Animal Science Chapter 10 Mrs. Balmer

Objectives Describe the magnitude of the biotechnology in the United States. Define Biotechnology Describe how organisms are genetically engineered. Identify some of the concerns that society has about genetic engineering.

Biotechnology Has and will continue to revolutionize modern life!! Biotechnology – is the development of products by a biological process.

Biotechnology Use of living organisms to improve, modify, or produce industrially important processes or products Examples: fermentation by yeast, Transgenics, etc. Products: Cheese, wine, penicillin, Flavor-Savr tomato, biopesticides

“New Biotechnology” Compared to previous methods of alcohol, bread and cheese; New Biotechnology Brings tomatoes with extended shelf life Tissue plasminogen activator to dissolve blood clots during heart attacks Bacteria that eat oil spills Goats that produce milk that contains life-saving drugs Animals with built-in disease resistance Biodegradable plastics Gene Therapy

Genetic Engineering Much of “New Biotechnology” has been made possible by the techniques of Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. rDNA – is DNA formed by combining pieces of DNA from different organisms. Technologies used to transfer DNA (and the traits if codes for) from one organism to another is commonly called Genetic Engineering

Novel Organisms Genetically altered plants, animals, and microorganisms are called novel organisms. Also called Intergeneric Microorganisms

Why Genetic Engineering? This technology creates a very different genetic code than natural breeding is able to create Natural breeding can not put elephant genes into corn or fish genes into lettuce. Since the technology allows genetic material to be altered before transfer, it may one day be possible to introduce Novel Genes – genes produced in laboratory to do something that is now impossible.

Biotechnology Transgenetics – Taking genes from one species and putting them into another species Xenotransplantation – Placing non-human animal tissue into humans Organs are able to be transplanted quicker!! Shorter wait may save life!!

Transgenetics Examples: Mouse regulator gene into pig increased growth rate because of elevated somatotropin levels and increased feed conversion. Gene for substances toxic to pests have been used in plants.

Biotechnology and Humans Gene Therapy: inserting genes into a patient’s cells to treat or cure certain diseases – First federally approved gene therapy for humans (Girl had white blood cells removed, genetically altered, and then placed back into her bloodstream; Altered cells produced a necessary enzyme for immunity)

Biotechnology and Humans Gene Therapy – can also be used to treat skin cancer and other diseases. Other uses of Biotechnology in Humans Insulin Production Calaitonin – increases bond mass, helps fight osteoporosis Somatotropin

Cloning How Dolly was created

Cloning See steps on page # 202 in book

Micropropagation Biotechnology that Takes cells of a desired Plant and uses them to Generate another plant

Future Expectations Disease Resistant Plants and Animals will be more commonplace Parasites could be controlled by genetic interference Waste Management will be a major application Rapid Tests for identifying food contaminants/ pathogens Use of Animals as Bioreactors will increase “pharming”– production of pharmaceuticals from livestock