Biomechanical Frame of Reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Introduction: Most frequently in practice Among the top five frame Applied the principle of physics to human movement Restoring functional skill & continuing with modifying task or the environment Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Focus: Musculoskeletal capacities How the body is designed Applied to persons who experience limitations Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Theory: Kinetic & kinematic principles Anatomy of musculoskeletal system Physiology of bone, connective tissue… Capacity for functional motion is based: Potential for motion at the joints Muscle strength Endurance Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Theory (continue) Joint range of motion Muscles cross one ore more joints Performance The ability to sustain muscle activity Movement produced during occupational performance Capacity of movement Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Function & dysfunction Problems exist when a Restriction of joint motion, strength & endurance interferes with everyday occupations Joint ROM may be limited by: joint damage Edema Pain skin tightness muscle spasticity muscle & tendon shortening Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Function & dysfunction(continue) Muscle weakness can occur as a result of: Disuse Disease affecting muscle physiology Diseases & trauma of LMN, Spinal cord, or peripheral nerves which can result in de-innervaton of muscles Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Function & dysfunction(continue) Endurance can be reduced by: Extended confinement or limitation of activity Pathology of cardiovascular or respiratory systems Muscular diseases Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Function & dysfunction(continue) It is common for sensory loss and loss of motion to co-occur because tactile sensations or touch are often affected bye the same diseases or traumas that affect muscle Pain can be chronically or periodically present in association with disease or trauma that affects the musculoskeletal system Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Change & motivation: 1.Maintaining or preventing limitation in ROM may be accomplished through three methods: Compression Positioning through therapist handling Movement through the full ROM Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Change & motivation: 2.Increasing ROM: Passive stretching Active stretching PNF techniques Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Change & motivation: 3.Strength may be increased through three methods: Exercise that stresses muscles to the point of fatigue Other daily occupations(walking or running…) Either type of strengthening program Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Change & motivation: 4.Endurance may be increased through the four methods: Light resistive exercise Grading & gradually increasing time Grading of cardiovascular aspect of activities Use of interest sustaining task Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Change & motivation: 5.Incorporating PAMs through four methods: Superficial heat agent Superficial cold agent Therapeutic ultrasound electrotherapy Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference EVALUATION: ROM Strength Endurance Pain Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Biomechanical intervention: Intervention focus on intersection of motion & occupational performance and can be divided into three approach: Prevention of contracture and maintenance of existing capacity for motion Restoration by improving diminished capacity for motion Compensation for limited motion Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Practice resources: ROM is usually measured with a goniameter Strength is normally tested by MMT Endurance is usually measured by determining duration or number of repetitions before fatigue occurs Methods of intervention address not only targeted limitations of motion, strength, and endurance Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Practice resources(continue) Strength is developed by increasing stress on muscle through: amount of resistance offered t the movement Duration of resistance required Rate of an exercise session Frequency of sessions Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Practice resources(continue) Occupations: Provide natural & motivating circumstance Employ attention Provide conditioning that more nearly replicates normal demands Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Practice resources(continue) Attention to functional purpose of a task is important Activity may be modified to: Reduce or alter task demands Match permanently reduced musculoskeletal capacity Intensify task demands Ways to modify an activity include: Positioning the task Adding weights or other devices Modifying tools Change material or size of objects used Change method(s) of accomplishing task Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Case study: Bonnie, a 56-year-old Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Article Application of pressure: A principle in the biomechanical frame of reference Biomechanical approach to quantifying anticipatory postural adjustments in the elderly Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Term of biomechanical Active range of motion Biomechanical activity analysis Body mechanics Compensatory treatment Elasticity Endurance Functional motion Join range of motion Kinematics Manual muscle testing Orthosis Passive range of motion Physical reconditioning Prosthesis Strength Tendon Work hardening Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference hj Biomechanical frame of reference

Biomechanical frame of reference Shirin maleki Nahid fathi Susan shokry Faeze alvandi Biomechanical frame of reference