Official investigation on a case of BSE on the example of a EU member state I Ivan Ambrožič, DVM, MSc Kiev 4. – 5- April 2011

Art. 12 Reg. (EC) No. 999/2001 in case of clinical symptoms – movement restriction – clinical investigation according to U. Braun – slaughter on suspicion for sample collection Suspicion of BSE Cattle affected by BSE experience progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Changes in temperament (e.g., nervousness or aggression), abnormal posture, incoordination and difficulty in rising, decreased milk production, and/or loss of weight despite continued appetite are followed by death.

Suspicion of BSE Art. 12 Reg. (EC) No. 999/2001 in case of not negative rapid test result – identify the holding of exposure; bovine database (HIT) – movement restriction (if not already done) – report to ministry

 Clinical suspect  Animal owner, veterinarian of a veterinary organisation on the farm or official veterinarian at the slaughterhouse carrying out the ante-mortem examination of the animal prior to slaughter may clinically suspect a BSE case.  Suspicion of BSE in a diagnostic laboratory  BSE shall be suspected in a diagnostic laboratory in case of an inconclusive or positive result (also on re-examining the sample) obtained by the rapid post-mortem test for BSE (slaughtered animal or fallen stock) Suspicion of BSE

Notification chart at suspected BSE - SI

Measures after official suspicion of BSE Measures at the holding (farm) Measures at the slaughterhouse  Measures at suspicion of BSE during the ante- mortem  Measures at suspicion of BSE by the rapid test

Measures after official suspicion of BSE Measures at the holding Measures in accordance to Article 12 of the Regulation (EC) No 999/2001, with pertaining amendments: Movement restrictions: suspected animal (if still alive) and all other bovine animals from the holding of BSE-suspect animal shall be placed under an official movement restriction until the results of the examination or confirmation tests are available; If the official veterinarian decides that the possibility of infection with BSE cannot be ruled out, the animal, if still alive, shall be killed If considered necessary, the official veterinarian may also decide that other holdings or only the holding of exposure shall be placed under official control depending on the epidemiological information available; All parts of the body of the suspect animal including the hide shall be retained under official control until a negative diagnosis has been made, or harmlessly disposed of in case they cannot be retained. If BSE is confirmed – eradication measures in accordance to Article 13 of the Regulation 999/2001 ES: cohort culling

Measures after confirmation If BSE is confirmed – eradication measures in accordance to Article 13 and Annex VII of the Regulation 999/2001 ES: - disposal of all parts f the boy of the BSE positive animal - identification of all animals at risk (cohort, progeny) - cohort culling - compensation

Measures after official suspicion of BSE Measures at the slaughterhouse  Measures at suspicion of BSE during the ante- mortem  Official veterinarian at the slaughterhouse shall prohibit the slaughter of an animal clinically suspected of BSE. Suspect animal shall be killed and tested to BSE  Measures at suspicion of BSE by the rapid test  The body, excluding the head, of the animal suspect of BSE by the rapid test shall be treated as ABP category I1 material (SRM). The head of suspect animal shall be submitted to the NRL for subsequent investigations.  Carcass of the animal slaughtered immediately before the suspect animal and two subsequent slaughtered animal carcasses shall be detained – disposed as CAT 1 material if BSE is confirmed?!

Measures after confirmation Art. 13 Reg. (EC) No. 999/2001 announcement to the animal disease notification system disposal of all bodyparts from the affected animal in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1069/2010 identify all animals at risk (using computerised database) – the „cohort“ ‘cohort’ means a group of bovine animals which includes both: (i) animals born in the same herd as the affected bovine animal, and within 12 months preceding or following the date of birth of the affected bovine animal; and (ii) animals which at any time during the first year of their lives were reared together with the affected bovine animal during the first year of its life; – the offspring born within two years prior to, or after, onset of the disease inspection of the holding (animals, papers) culling all animals at risk

Measures after confirmation Confirmation of BSE – Notification upon confirmation – Measures at the holding – Epizootiological enquiry – Cohort – Measures at the slaughterhouse

Measures after confirmation Notification upon confirmation After the NRL has officially confirmed the presence of disease, the results shall immediately be notified to VARS Chief Veterinary Officer by fax, following its prenotification by phone. VARS Main Office shall of the confirmed BSE immediately notify by fax the relevant VARS Regional Office. NRL shall, by the investigation report notify of the results also the consignee of the sample. VARS Chief Veterinary Officer shall of the confirmed BSE-case notify the general public (Press Release).

Measures after confirmation Measures at the holding  After BSE has officially been confirmed, the official veterinarian shall as soon as possible by issuing a relevant decision require in addition to measures already implemented at suspected BSE also the measures referred to in Article 13 and in Annex VII to the Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 to be implemented at the holding where the affected animal had been kept:  removal of all parts of the body of infected animal in accordance with the Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002, excluding the materials required for the additional investigations;  full epizootiological enquiry (relevant form under point 8.3.1) for identifying all the animals at risk in compliance with point 1 of Annex VII to the Regulation (EC) No 999/2001;  official control shall be required for the holding of the BSE-affected animal until the epizootiological enquiry has been conducted. All the movements of animals susceptible to BSE and of products of animal origin obtained from such animals from and to the holding shall be authorised by the official veterinarian so as to ensure the immediate traceability and identification of relevant animals and of products of animal origin;

Measures after confirmation Epizootiological enquiry By epizootiological enquiry (relevant form referred to in point 8.3.1), the official veterinarian shall identify:  all other ruminants at the holding in which the disease has been confirmed;  if the disease has been confirmed in a female animal, its last progeny born within two years prior to, or after, the first clinical signs of onset of the disease in its dam;  all animals in the cohort of the animal in which the disease has been confirmed;  possible source of disease;  other animals at the holding of the affected animal or at other holdings, which may have been infected by the BSE-agent or exposed to the same feed or source of contamination;  possible sources and movements of the possibly contaminated feed or other materials,

Measures after confirmation Cohort Cohort means a group of bovine animals that includes:  animals which were either born in the same herd as, and within 12 months preceding or following the birth of, the affected cattle, or  animals which were reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their life and which may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of its life.

Eradication scheme BSE slaughtered animals fallen animals rapid test not negative Laboratory NVI Central office VARS samples Local office VARS official suspicion of BSE clinical symptoms BSE confirmed BSE not confirmed NRL tests according to Annex X Reg. (EC) No 999/2001 sample

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