Digestive Disorders Stomach Disorders

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Empty Human Stomach ©

Stomach (Dog) ©

Stomach Structure  The stomach is made up of 5 layers:  Mucosa: Inner most layer or lining Contains the glands responsible for the digestive enzymes that are secreted Most stomach cancers originate here We will go over the cells found here

 Submucosa: support layer for the mucosa  Muscle layer: Muscles in this layer provide a rippling motion that mixes and mashes food  Subserosa: Support system for the outermost layer  Serosa: Outer layer that covers the stomach and holds it in place

Layers of the Stomach ©

Cells of the Stomach  Healthy cells that line the stomach consist of 4 types:  Parietal cells: secrete stomach acid (HCl), aid in B12 absorption  Chief cells: secrete pepsin (enzyme that aids in food digestion)  Mucus cells: secretes mucus which aids in the protection of the stomach lining

 G Cells: Secrete the hormone gastrin Gastrin: digestive hormone that regulates the production of stomach acid

Histology of the Stomach © 2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/15/ B3A88818.jpg

Normal Stomach Cells

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Mucus Cells ©

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Stomach Cancer  May develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs  Causes nearly 1 million deaths world-wide  It is associated with diets high in sodium and low in fruits and vegetables  Also associate more often with smokers

 Over 80% of gastric cancers are linked to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori  This bacteria is also associated with other digestive disorders

H. Pylori ©

Symptoms  Discomfort in the stomach area  Feeling full or bloated after a small meal  Nausea and vomiting  Weight loss

Diagnosis  Upper GI: patient drinks a barium solution that appears white on x-rays Allows the stomach to be seen much easier  Endoscopy: a lighted tube is sent down the digestive tract so the physician can see  Biopsy

Stomach Cancer ©

Dyspepsia  Pain in the upper or middle section of the stomach  Approximately 1 in 4 people develop dyspepsia at some point  Usually caused by a stomach ulcer or acid reflux  Usually treated with lifestyle changes and medication

Acute Gastritis  A group of conditions characterized by an inflammation of the stomach lining  The stomach usually secretes a protective layer of mucus, however, it may become weakened

Acute Gastritis  Usually caused by a bacteria (H. pylori)  Traumatic injury or overuse of certain pain relievers (Advil, Motrin) may also contribute to the condition

Chronic Gastritis  Slower, progressive process in which the lining of the stomach is damaged

Chronic Gastritis  The stomach epithelium is columnar  When chronic gastritis occurs, the healthy cells are damaged

 Parietal cells and chief cells degenerate and are replaced by less specialized mucus cells (goblet cells)  Inflammation occurs and there is a large number of white blood cells that appear

 These damaged cells result in deformed cells causing the stomach lining to look like the lining of the intestine  It looks as if someone cut off the tops of the cells  This is called intestinal metaplasia

Chronic Gastritis with Intestinal Metaplasia © 8.jpg&imgrefurl= bnid=Gdbf01x7iJAT7M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchronic%2Bgastritis%2Bimages%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den

Intestinal Metaplasia with Presence of Goblet Cells ©

For Lab

© p://instruction.cvhs.okstate.edu/histology/HistologyReference/hrd1.htm&usg=__HeLu0xuu1p4S- vFPz0hqSBLZ5Lw=&h=324&w=424&sz=24&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=BpbJYMaAhOmMnM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=126&prev=/images %3Fq%3Dconnecive%2Btissue%2Bstomach%2Bhistology%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

© l.jpg&imgrefurl= en.htm&usg=__Ae49XMJi0PPZ8Qd8ehCqBB523pk=&h=422&w=450&sz=44&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=rXMiSzehm5QiDM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=127 &prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstomach%2Bhistology%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den  PYLORIC PART OF THE STOMACH Stained with haematoxylin and eosin 1 - tunica mucosa 2 - tunica submucosa 3 - tunica muscularis propria 5 - lamina propria of the mucosa (contains glands) 7 - gastric pits in the mucosa 8 - muscularis mucosae

 The previous image shows the mucosa (epithelium cells) and the submucosa (connective tissue also called lamina propria)  The muscle cells are seen below this is region in the lab

Goblet cells and WBC

Arrowhead: normal epithilium Arrow: Goblet cell WBCs present

Goblet Cells