1. Digestive Disorders
Stomach Disorders

2. ©

3. Empty Human Stomach ©http://i224. photobucket

4. Stomach Structure The stomach is made up of 5 layers:
Mucosa: Inner most layer or lining
Contains the glands responsible for the digestive enzymes that are secreted
Most stomach cancers originate here
We will go over the cells found here

5. Submucosa: support layer for the mucosa
Muscle layer: Muscles in this layer provide a rippling motion that mixes and mashes food
Subserosa: Support system for the outermost layer
Serosa: Outer layer that covers the stomach and holds it in place

6. Layers of the Stomach ©http://www. dkimages

7. Cells of the Stomach
Healthy cells that line the stomach consist of 4 types:
Parietal cells: secrete stomach acid (HCl), aid in B12 absorption
Chief cells: secrete pepsin (enzyme that aids in food digestion)
Mucus cells: secretes mucus which aids in the protection of the stomach lining

8. G Cells: Secrete the hormone gastrin
Gastrin: digestive hormone that regulates the production of stomach acid

9. Histology of the Stomach ©http://media-2. web. britannica

10. Normal Stomach Cells http://www. technion. ac

12. ©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://cellbio. utmb©

13. ©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://cellbio. utmb©

15. Mucus Cells ©http://www.bweems.com/cch7hp.jpg

16. ©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://cellbio. utmb©

17. Stomach Cancer
May develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs
Causes nearly 1 million deaths world-wide
It is associated with diets high in sodium and low in fruits and vegetables
Also associate more often with smokers

18. Over 80% of gastric cancers are linked to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori
This bacteria is also associated with other digestive disorders

19. H. Pylori ©http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._pylori

20. Symptoms Discomfort in the stomach area
Feeling full or bloated after a small meal
Nausea and vomiting
Weight loss

21. Diagnosis
Upper GI: patient drinks a barium solution that appears white on x-rays
Allows the stomach to be seen much easier
Endoscopy: a lighted tube is sent down the digestive tract so the physician can see
Biopsy

22. Stomach Cancer ©http://www. brown

23. Dyspepsia Pain in the upper or middle section of the stomach
Approximately 1 in 4 people develop dyspepsia at some point
Usually caused by a stomach ulcer or acid reflux
Usually treated with lifestyle changes and medication

24. Acute Gastritis
A group of conditions characterized by an inflammation of the stomach lining
The stomach usually secretes a protective layer of mucus, however, it may become weakened

25. Acute Gastritis Usually caused by a bacteria (H. pylori)
Traumatic injury or overuse of certain pain relievers (Advil, Motrin) may also contribute to the condition

26. Chronic Gastritis
Slower, progressive process in which the lining of the stomach is damaged

27. Chronic Gastritis The stomach epithelium is columnar
When chronic gastritis occurs, the healthy cells are damaged

28. Parietal cells and chief cells degenerate and are replaced by less specialized mucus cells (goblet cells)
Inflammation occurs and there is a large number of white blood cells that appear

29. These damaged cells result in deformed cells causing the stomach lining to look like the lining of the intestine
It looks as if someone cut off the tops of the cells
This is called intestinal metaplasia

30. Chronic Gastritis with Intestinal Metaplasia ©http://images. google

31. Intestinal Metaplasia with Presence of Goblet Cells ©http://esynopsis

32. For Lab

33. ©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://instruction. cvhs©

34. ©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. histol©
PYLORIC PART OF THE STOMACH      Stained with haematoxylin and eosin 1 - tunica mucosa 2 - tunica submucosa 3 - tunica muscularis propria 5 - lamina propria of the mucosa           (contains glands) 7 - gastric pits in the mucosa 8 - muscularis mucosae

37. The previous image shows the mucosa (epithelium cells) and the submucosa (connective tissue also called lamina propria)
The muscle cells are seen below this is region in the lab

38. Goblet cells and WBC

39. Arrowhead: normal epithilium Arrow: Goblet cell WBCs present

40. Goblet Cells