Part 1 The Basics of Information Systems

Purpose of Information Systems Information systems ◦ Collects, stores and organizes information ◦ Retrieves value from data ◦ Harness many types of data ◦ Computer’s reason for existence 12A -2

Purpose of Information Systems Components of an information system ◦ Physical means of storing information ◦ Procedures for ensuring data integrity ◦ Rules regarding data use and distribution ◦ Means of distributing the data ◦ Tools to organize the data

Types of Information Systems Office automation systems ◦ Performs various office tasks ◦ Allows users to efficiently handle data ◦ Tedious tasks become simple ◦ Built using off-the-shelf systems ◦ Allow seamless integration of data

Types of Information Systems Transaction processing systems (TPS) ◦ Transaction is a complete event  Completed in a series of steps ◦ Tracks and processes transactions ◦ Each step is monitored  Details sent to the appropriate person ◦ Errors must be remedied immediately

Types of Information Systems Management information systems (MIS) ◦ Tools for managers and decision makers ◦ Organizes and evaluates information ◦ Summarizes reports based on need  Managers require different views of data

Management Information System

Types of Information Systems Decision support system ◦ Organizes information for better decisions ◦ Different data and criteria are evaluated ◦ Often based on spreadsheet software ◦ Provides tailored and structured reports

Types of Information Systems Expert systems ◦ Perform tasks done by a person ◦ Analyze data and suggest an action ◦ Requires a large knowledge base ◦ Inference engines  Analyze the data  Make the decisions

Expert System

Part 2 Programming Languages

13B-12 Programming Languages Used to generate source code Avoids using machine code Have strict rules of syntax – Symbols and punctuation have meaning – Spelling must be exact Code is converted into machine language

13B-13 Language Categories First generation language – Machine languages – Written in binary – Different for every CPU

13B-14 Language Categories Second generation languages – Assembly languages – Statements that represent machine code – Code converted by an assembler – Still used to optimize video games

13B-15 Language Categories Third generation languages (3GL) – First higher level language – Supports structured and OOP Code is reusable Code is portable – Typically written in an IDE – C/C++ creates games and applications – Java creates web applets – ActiveX creates Web and Windows applets

13B-16 Language Categories Fourth generation languages (4GL) – Easier to use than 3GL – Coded in a visual IDE – Tools reduce the amount of code – Object oriented programming – Microsoft.Net is a language – Dream Weaver is an 4GL IDE

13B-17 Microsoft.NET

13B-18 Language Categories Fifth generation language (5GL) – Mystery language – May not be created yet – Will create software automatically

13B-19 WWW Development Languages Markup languages – Describe how the text is formatted Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) – Basis of all web pages – Defines web structure using tags – Easy to learn and use – Created with a text editor

13B-21 WWW Development Languages Extensible Markup Language (XML) – Stores data in a readable format – Looks like HTML – Allows developers to create tags – Depends on HTML for formatting

13B-22 XML