Aim: What are the phases of the moon? 10/30/13 Do Now: 1.Take out a piece of paper & a pen. 2.Fold paper in half. 3.Write your name nice & big on it. 4.Place it on your desk, with your name facing the front of the room. 5.Take out ESRT (Earth Science Reference Table). Homework: Regents Questions Packet.

Earth’s Moon

Phases of the Moon Udu7Ihttp:// Udu7I

Moon Vocabulary Eclipse: When either the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun or the Moon is Earth’s shadow. Lunar Eclipse: When the Moon moves into Earth’s shadow during a full moon. Moon: A natural satellite revolving around a planet. Satellite: is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because it orbits Earth. Solar Eclipse: When the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth’s surface during a new moon. Tides: Cyclic fluctuations in coastal water levels caused by the gravitational forces between Earth, Sun, and Moon.

Earth’s Moon The moon is our natural satellite. This means the moon is in orbit (it revolves) around Earth. The moon is a solid and it’s surface is covered with impact craters from collisions with asteroids and meteors. Craters are so visible on the moon because the moon lacks an atmosphere and surface processes like weathering and erosion. We can only see the moon because it reflects sunlight. The moon (and Earth) are always 50 % lit with sunlight because they are spherical objects. Use your ESRT (p. 15): –How long is the moon’s period of rotation? 27.3 days –How long is the moon’s period of revolution? 27.3 days Because the moon rotates and revolves at the same speed, we only see one side of the moon.

Draw the Moon Phases Light on the RIGHT – WAXING Dark on the RIGHT – WANING Trick for remembering Waxing vs. Waning: “I fear my love is waning.” Wax “ON” – (turning on the light).

Moon Phases The moon’s phases are caused by the moon’s revolution around the Earth. Moon phases are cyclic (repetitive and predictable) “Waxing” means that we are seeing an increasing portion of the moon each night. The visible portion of a waxing moon is lit up on the right. “Waning” means that we are seeing a decreasing portion of the moon each night. The visible portion of a waning moon is lit up on the left.

WAXING or WANING?

Light on the Right - Waxing Dark on the Right - Waning

Is this Waxing or Waning? WAXING How do I know? It is light on the right.

Is this Waxing or Waning? WANING How do I know? It is dark on the right.

Tides What causes the tides? –The gravitational pull from the moon and the sun on water at Earth’s surface Even though the sun is larger, the moon is much closer to Earth. The moon therefore has a larger effect on Earth’s tides. The tide cycle is about 24 hrs 52 min long. There are two high tides and two low tides each cycle low tide high tide Bay of Fundy (hyperlink)Bay of Fundy

Spring Tides Spring Tides – occur when the moon, the sun, and Earth are lined up together. In these positions, the gravity from both the sun and the moon are pulling Earth’s water along the same line. The moon phases for spring tides are the new moon and full moon phases. Spring tides result in higher high tides and lower low tides (a wide tidal range)

Neap Tides Neap Tides – occur when the moon and the sun are perpendicular to each other. In these positions the gravitational pull from the moon and sun are in opposite directions. The moon phases for Neap tides are the first and third quarter moon phases. Neap tides result in lower high tides and higher low tides (a smaller tidal range)

Eclipses An eclipse occurs when one object blocks another. For an eclipse to occur, the sun, moon, and Earth must all be in a straight line Eclipses do not occur one every month because the moon’s orbit is tilted 5° compared to Earth’s orbit. This tilt prevents these three objects from being perfectly aligned most of the time.

Solar Eclipse A solar eclipse is a “blocking of the sun.” The moon is positioned between earth and the sun. The moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth. The moon will always be in the new moon phase during a solar eclipse. Solar Eclipse (hyperlink) – What it looks like up close…Solar Eclipse Solar Eclipse (hyperlink) – What it looks like from the ground…Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse A lunar eclipse is a “blocking of the moon.” The Earth is positioned between the moon and the sun. The moon passes into Earth’s shadow. The moon will always be in the full moon phase during a lunar eclipse. Lunar Eclipse (Hyperlink)Lunar Eclipse

CLOSURE QUESTIONS:

What side of the Moon is lit during a Waxing Gibbous? The Right Side

What side of the Moon is lit during a Waning Gibbous? The Left Side

Why can we only see one side of the Moon? Because the moon rotates and revolves at the same speed.

How are the Moon’s Phases caused? The moon’s phases are caused by the moon’s revolution around the Earth.

What causes tides? The gravitational pull from the moon and the sun on water at Earth’s surface.

What are the moon phases for Spring Tides? The new moon and full moon phases.

What are the moon phases for Neap Tides? First and third quarter moon phases.

Why don’t eclipses occur every month? Because the moon’s orbit is tilted 5° compared to Earth’s orbit. This tilt prevents these three objects from being perfectly aligned most of the time.

Where is the Moon positioned during a solar eclipse? The moon is positioned between earth and the sun.

Where is the Earth positioned during a lunar eclipse? The Earth is positioned between the moon and the sun.